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As of the fiscal year 2019 budget approved by Congress, national defense is the largest discretionary expenditure in the federal budget. [13] Figure C provides a historical picture of military spending over the last few decades. In 1970, the United States government spent just over $80 billion on national defense.
The 2011 budget included estimated spending for 2010, shown in the graph at right for selected departments and agencies with over $10 billion in budget authority. Funding for the Department of Defense is mostly discretionary, but is excluded from this total and analyzed separately in this article.
According to Central Intelligence Agency, "budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit).
As the co-heads of the newly created Department of Government Efficiency, or DOGE, billionaires Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy are promising to slash at least $2 trillion from the federal budget.
The last time that the U.S. government had a budget surplus was in 2001. However, even that was sleight of hand, given that the Social Security surplus was counted as part of the federal budget .
U.S. Federal Budget collected news and commentary at The New York Times; Budget of the United States Government and various supplements from 1923 to the present. Federal Budget Receipts and Outlays from 1930 to the present. Federal Budgets of the United States Government from fiscal years 1923 to the present.
"What is a Federal Agency?" (PDF). Federal Agency Directory. Louisiana State University Libraries. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2013; Kamensky, John (Spring 2013). "Mapping the Contours of the Federal Government" (PDF). Administrative and Regulatory Law News. 38 (3). American Bar Association: 3– 4
The largest federal agencies, like Veterans Affairs and the Pentagon, employ hundreds of thousands of workers. Most federal workers are not in the DC area.