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An inlet manifold or intake manifold (in American English) is the part of an internal combustion engine that supplies the fuel/air mixture to the cylinders. [1] The word manifold comes from the Old English word manigfeald (from the Anglo-Saxon manig [many] and feald [repeatedly]) and refers to the multiplying of one (pipe) into many.
The air intake (inlet U.S. [6]) is an aerodynamic duct extending from an entry lip to the engine fan/compressor. For supersonic intakes with variable geometry it is called an intake system, referring to the need for shock-wave and internal duct flow management using variable position surfaces (ramps or cones) and bypass doors. [7]
The main visual difference between the 9J and the earlier, less powerful Le Rhône 9C engine is that the copper intake manifold tubing (with round section lower ends) on the 110 hp 9J is attached to the crankcase behind the cylinders, whereas on the 9C (80 hp) the intake manifolds (with rectangular lower ends) are fully visible from the front.
The intake manifold vacuum, with wide open throttle, is lower in these conditions, which causes the PCV valve to open and the crankcase gases flow to the intake system. [13] The greater flow rate of intake air during these conditions means that a greater quantity of blow-by gases can be added to the intake system without compromising the ...
Types of manifolds in engineering include: Exhaust manifold An engine part that collects the exhaust gases from multiple cylinders into one pipe. Also known as headers. Hydraulic manifold A component used to regulate fluid flow in a hydraulic system, thus controlling the transfer of power between actuators and pumps Inlet manifold (or "intake ...
In a manifold injected engine, the fuel is injected with relatively low pressure (70...1470 kPa) into the intake manifold to form a fine fuel vapour. This vapour can then form a combustible mixture with the air, and the mixture is sucked into the cylinder by the piston during the intake stroke.
Inlet manifold vacuum is measured using a pressure sensor located in, or connected to the intake manifold, in order to calculate the duration of fuel injection pulses. Originally, this system was called Jetronic, but the name D-Jetronic was later created as a retronym to distinguish it from subsequent Jetronic iterations.
Intake assembly of a Ford Mustang showing pink air filter, plastic ducting with sensors, metal throttle body and plastic manifold with plenum and runners. Early automobile intake systems were simple air inlets connected directly to carburetors. The first air filter was implemented on the 1915 Packard Twin Six. [citation needed]