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Arthur Schopenhauer's paternal great-grandfather through paternal grandmother, Hendrik Soermans [de] (1700–1775), was a Dutch merchant and Ambassador of the Netherlands in Gdansk. Arthur Schopenhauer's paternal great-greatgrandfather, Johann Schopenhauer (1630–1701), was farmer in Petershagen and son of Simon Schopenhauer (1580–1660) and ...
Martin Heidegger (/ ˈhaɪdɛɡər, ˈhaɪdɪɡər /; [ 3 ]German: [ˈmaʁtiːn ˈhaɪdɛɡɐ]; [ 3 ] 26 September 1889 – 26 May 1976) was a German philosopher who is best known for contributions to phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism. His work covers a wide range of topics including ontology, technology, art, metaphysics ...
Derek Antony Parfit FBA (/ ˈpɑːrfɪt /; 11 December 1942 – 2 January 2017 [3][4]) was a British philosopher who specialised in personal identity, rationality, and ethics. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential moral philosophers of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. [5][6][7]
Ayn Rand. Alice O'Connor (born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum; [c] February 2 [O.S. January 20], 1905 – March 6, 1982), better known by her pen name Ayn Rand (/ aɪn / EYEN), was a Russian-born American author and philosopher. [3] She is known for her fiction and for developing a philosophical system she named Objectivism.
The Latin cogito, ergo sum, usually translated into English as " I think, therefore I am ", [a] is the "first principle" of René Descartes 's philosophy. He originally published it in French as je pense, donc je suis in his 1637 Discourse on the Method, so as to reach a wider audience than Latin would have allowed. [1]
Theobald Ziegler. Heinrich Julius Holtzmann. Robert Wollenberg [de] Ludwig Philipp Albert Schweitzer OM (German: [ˈalbɛʁt ˈʃvaɪ̯t͡sɐ] ⓘ; 14 January 1875 – 4 September 1965) was a German-born, French polymath from Alsace. He was a theologian, organist, musicologist, writer, humanitarian, philosopher, and physician.
Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre in Beijing, 1955. Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (/ ˈ s ɑːr t r ə /, US also / ˈ s ɑːr t /; [5] French:; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic, considered a leading figure in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism.
Thomas Nagel (/ ˈneɪɡəl /; born July 4, 1937) is an American philosopher. He is the University Professor of Philosophy and Law Emeritus at New York University, [ 3 ] where he taught from 1980 until his retirement in 2016. [ 4 ] His main areas of philosophical interest are political philosophy, ethics and philosophy of mind.