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An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. [1] [2] They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms (microbicide) or stops their growth (bacteriostatic agent). [1] Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the microorganisms they act primarily against. For example, antibiotics are used against bacteria, and antifungals are used against fungi. They can also be classified ...
Antibiotic candidates Generic name Origin Susceptible phyla Stage of development Mechanism of action Unclassified Teixobactin: Eleftheria terrae: Gram-positive, including antibiotic resistant S. aureus and M. tuberculosis: No human trials scheduled: Binds fatty acid precursors to cell wall Malacidins: Uncultured Bacterium
Empiric antimicrobial therapy is directed against an anticipated and likely cause of infectious disease. It is used when antimicrobials are given to a person before the specific bacterium or fungus causing an infection is known. When it becomes known, treatment that is used is called directed therapy.
An example of a monobactam that lacks antibiotic activity, but is used clinically for other purposes, is the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe which is used to treat hypercholesterolemia [citation needed]
Its use as a prophylactic treatment is supported by one clinical trial involving children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. [59] Other than this and one other clinical trial into its efficacy as a treatment for pneumocystis pneumonia, [ 60 ] data on its use in both the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia is significantly lacking.
Demeclocycline is officially indicated for the treatment of various types of bacterial infections. [3] It is used as an antibiotic in the treatment of Lyme disease, [4] acne, [5] and bronchitis. [6] Resistance, though, is gradually becoming more common, [7] and demeclocycline is now rarely used for treatment of infections. [8] [9]
Antibiotic combinations are increasingly important because of antimicrobial resistance. [2] This means that individual antibiotics that used to be effective are no longer effective, [ 1 ] and because of the absence of new classes of antibiotic, they allow old antibiotics to be continue to be used. [ 2 ]