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Colonial India was the part of the Indian subcontinent that was occupied by European colonial powers during the Age of Discovery. European power was exerted both by conquest and trade, especially in spices. [1][2] The search for the wealth and prosperity of India led to the colonisation of the Americas after Christopher Columbus went to the ...
The time between the Maurya Empire in the 3rd century BCE and the end of the Gupta Empire in the 6th century CE is referred to as the "Classical" period of India. [125] The Gupta Empire (4th–6th century) is regarded as the "Golden Age" of Hinduism, although a host of kingdoms ruled over India in these centuries.
Joseph E. Schwartzberg (2008) proposes that the Bronze Age Indus Valley civilization (c. 2500–1900 BCE) may have known "cartographic activity" based on a number of excavated surveying instruments and measuring rods and that the use of large scale constructional plans, cosmological drawings, and cartographic material was known in India with some regularity since the Vedic period (1st ...
India. The Vijayanagara Empire (/ vɪˌdʒəjəˈnɑːɡərə /) was a late medieval Hindu empire that ruled much of southern India. It was established in 1336 by the brothers Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of the Sangama dynasty, members of a pastoralist cowherd community that claimed Gadaria (Shepherd) lineage. [5][6][a]
The closest to an official name for the empire was Hindustan, which was documented in the Ain-i-Akbari. [27] Mughal administrative records also refer to the empire as "dominion of Hindustan" (Wilāyat-i-Hindustān), [28] "country of Hind" (Bilād-i-Hind), "Sultanate of Al-Hind" (Salṭanat(i) al-Hindīyyah) as observed in the epithet of Emperor Aurangzeb [29] or endonymous identification from ...
Ink drawing of Ganesha under an umbrella (early 19th century). Carbon pigment Ink, called masi, and popularly known as India ink was an admixture of several chemical components, has been used in India since at least the 4th century BCE. [17] The practice of writing with ink and a sharp pointed needle was common in early South India. [18]
The Deccan sultanates is a historiographical term referring to five late medieval to early modern Indian kingdoms on the Deccan Plateau between the Krishna River and the Vindhya Range that were created from the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate [1][2] and ruled by Muslim dynasties: namely Ahmadnagar, Berar, Bidar, Bijapur, and Golconda. [3]
A number of cities in India had a population between a quarter-million and half-million people, [34] with larger cities including Agra (in Agra Subah) with up to 800,000 people [39] and Dhaka (in Bengal Subah) with over 1 million people. [40] Mughal India also had a large number of villages, with 455,698 villages by the time of Aurangzeb ...