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A postdoctoral fellow, postdoctoral researcher, or simply postdoc, is a person professionally conducting research after the completion of their doctoral studies (typically a PhD). Postdocs most commonly, but not always, have a temporary academic appointment, sometimes in preparation for an academic faculty position.
This can be demonstrated by leading a research group, being a junior professor, or other achievements in research and teaching as a post-doctoral researcher. The habilitation in Germany is usually earned after several years of independent research and teaching, either "internally" while working at a university or "externally" as a research and ...
A terminal degree is the highest-level university degree that can be achieved and awarded in an academic discipline or professional field. The term "terminal degree" is also used to refer to a degree that is awarded because a doctoral-level degree is not available or appropriate.
Many open-ended lecturers in the UK have a doctorate (50.1% in 2009–2010) and often have postdoctoral research experience. [7] In almost all fields, a doctorate is a prerequisite, although historically this was not the case. Some academic positions could have been held on the basis of research merit alone, without a higher degree. [8]
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In American legal academia, the LL.M. was historically conferred after the LL.B. When the LL.B. was displaced by the J.D., the LL.M. metamorphosed functionally from a post-baccalaureate degree into a post-doctoral degree. Bachelor of Civil Law: BCL: An academic, not a professional designation.
Postdoctoral research assistants usually contributes to independent research projects or to a larger research team as a part of academic institutions. Their work involves publishing article for academic journals, collecting data and analysising results and assisting in the preparation of grant applications to secure research fundings.
The doctorate is a formal requirement for a docenture or professor's position, although these in practice require postdoctoral research and further experience. Exceptions may be granted by the university governing board, but this is uncommon, and usually due to other work and expertise considered equivalent.