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For Japanese verbs, the verb stem remains invariant among all conjugations. However, conjugation patterns vary according to a verb's category. For example, 知る (shiru) and 着る (kiru) belong to different verb categories (godan and ichidan, respectively) and therefore follow different conjugation patterns. As such, knowing a verb's category ...
The terms "consonant stem verbs" and "vowel stem verbs" come from a pattern that emerges from studying the actual structure of the words rather than the written representation. When considering the invariant part of the verb (the verb stem), the final phoneme determines the classification of the verb group. If the verb stem's final phoneme:
Contrary to the standard Japanese language, this form is completely regular for verbs ending with the plain stem -ru. Thus, the underlying verb 食もる tamoru "eat" would become 食もい tamoi (< tamori), instead of just reducing to the root as in standard Japanese. There may, however, be some irregularity when deriving nouns or compounds ...
Verbs and adjectives being closely related is unusual from the perspective of English, but is a common case across languages generally, and one may consider Japanese adjectives as a kind of stative verb. Japanese vocabulary has a large layer of Chinese loanwords, nearly all of which go back more than one thousand years, yet virtually none of ...
Consonant-stem verbs are those that can be analyzed as having underlying stems that end in a consonant (in modern Japanese, any of /w t k b ɡ m n r s/): these verbs take the suffix -u in the dictionary form, in contrast to vowel-stem verbs, which have stems that end in either /e/ or /i/ and take the suffix -ru in the dictionary form. [18]
The participle (te-form) of k- and g-stem verbs end in -Qte and -Nde, in contrast to most Japanese dialectsʼ -ite and -ide. Several verb affixes have arisen based around an optative-like suffix -oosi , related in some way to the Middle Japanese optative ～ま欲し -(a)maosi .
五段 (ごだん) Godan verbs — The verb stem ends with an "a" sound; 一段 (いちだん) Ichidan verbs — The verb stem ends with an "i" or "e" sound; Irregular verbs — しない (shinai) and こない (konai) are the two exceptions. [2] That's it. No additional rules. 100% accurate for every verb in the Japanese dictionary.
1 Stem forms. 2 Conjugation table. Toggle Conjugation table subsection. 2.1 Verbs. 2.1.1 Class 1 ... Japanese verb conjugations/Rewrite. Add languages. Page contents ...