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Gastric acid or stomach acid is the acidic component – hydrochloric acid of gastric juice, produced by parietal cells in the gastric glands of the stomach lining. In humans, the pH is between one and three, much lower than most other animals, but is very similar to that of carrion eating carnivores , needing protection from ingesting pathogens .
Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells) are epithelial cells in the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor.These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and body regions of the stomach. [1]
The Heidelberg test is a medical diagnostic test used in the diagnosis of hypochlorhydria, i.e. insufficient hydrochloric acid in the stomach, hyperchlorhydria, achlorhydria, and for suspected bile reflux. When performing the Heidelberg test, the patient swallows a small electronic device about the size of a vitamin capsule.
It consists mainly of hydrochloric acid and acidifies the stomach content to a pH of 1 to 2. [36] [37] Chloride (Cl −) and hydrogen (H +) ions are secreted separately in the stomach fundus region at the top of the stomach by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa into a secretory network called canaliculi before it enters the stomach lumen. [38]
A lack of hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach is one of the most common age-related causes of a harmed digestive system. [6] Among men and women, 27% experience a varying degree of achlorhydria. US researchers found that over 30% of women and men over the age of 60 have little to no acid secretion in the stomach.
Irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS, is among the most common gastrointestinal conditions today.It affects some 10% to 15% of people in the U.S., per the American College of Gastroenterology.A ...
The parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid (gastric acid). This needs to be readily available for the stomach in a plentiful supply, and so from their positions in the walls, their secretory networks of fine channels called canaliculi can project and ingress into all the regions of the gastric-pit lumen.
L-cysteine is an amino acid found in keratin, which some food manufacturers use to stabilize dough and create a savory flavor. ... the human hair is boiled in hydrochloric acid to derive the ...