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One of the main aims of dental food for dogs is to minimize plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. [2] The oral cavity of dogs can be exposed to a variety of bacteria, parasites and viruses from their environment and it is not surprising that these induce an inflammatory reaction in the periodontium. [3]
Dental caries in dogs are often recognized very late but there are some symptoms that could indicate tooth decay. [7] Red, swollen, or receding gums and bloody saliva could be symptoms of dental caries. Other signs of decay are similar to humans. This includes a discolouration of teeth, an accumulation of calculus and halitosis.
Dog undergoing dental treatment Dog with periodontal disease A canine with gingivitis English bulldog with underbite. Veterinary dentistry involves the application of dental care to animals, encompassing not only the prevention of diseases and maladies of the mouth, but also considers treatment.
If tooth decay does occur (usually from trauma), dogs can receive dental fillings just as humans do. Similar to human teeth, the enamel of dogs is vulnerable to tetracycline staining. Consequently, this risk must be accounted for when tetracycline antibiotic therapy is administered to young dogs. [56] Enamel hypoplasia may also occur in dogs.
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Dental plaque is a biofilm that attaches to tooth surfaces, restorations and prosthetic appliances (including dentures and bridges) if left undisturbed.Understanding the formation, composition and characteristics of plaque helps in its control. [6]
Enamel may appear yellow/brown with discolouration and/or many pitted white-brown lesions similar to cavities. They are often described as "mottled teeth". [8] Fluorosis does not cause discolouration to the enamel directly, as upon eruption into the mouth, affected permanent teeth are not discoloured yet.
The recommended frequency of dental hygiene treatment can be made by a registered professional, and is dependent on individual patient needs. [41] Factors that are taken into consideration include an individual's overall health status, tobacco use, amount of calculus present, and adherence to a professionally recommended home care routine.