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Masatoshi Nakayama (中山 正敏, Nakayama Masatoshi, April 13, 1913 – April 15, 1987) was an internationally famous Japanese master of Shotokan karate. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] He helped establish the Japan Karate Association (JKA) in 1949, [ 4 ] and wrote many textbooks on karate, which served to popularize his martial art .
Tsutomu Ohshima (大島 劼, Ōshima Tsutomu, born August 6, 1930) is a prominent Japanese master of Shotokan karate who founded the organization Shotokan Karate of America (SKA). [1] He is the Shihan (Chief Instructor) of the SKA, and to this day holds the rank of 5th dan, which was awarded to him by Gichin Funakoshi. [1]
Gichin Funakoshi laid out the Twenty Precepts of Karate [7] (or Niju kun [8]), which form the foundations of the art, before some of his students established the Japan Karate Association (JKA). Within these twenty principles, based heavily on bushido and Zen , lies the philosophy of Shotokan.
Hidetaka Nishiyama (西山 英峻, Nishiyama Hidetaka, October 10, 1928 – March 10, 2008) was a prominent Japanese master of Shotokan karate. [1] [2] [3] He was an internationally recognized instructor, author, and administrator, and helped to establish the Japan Karate Association. [3]
Isao Obata (小畑 功, Obata Isao, 1904–1976) was a pioneering Japanese master of Shotokan karate. [1] He was a senior student of Gichin Funakoshi, [2] who is widely recognized as the founder of modern karate, and was a key figure in the establishment of the Japan Karate Association (JKA) under Funakoshi in 1949.
Takayuki Mikami (三上 孝之, Mikami Takayuki, born 10 December 1933) [1] is a Japanese master of Shotokan karate based in the United States of America. He holds the rank of 9th dan black belt in the art, awarded under the Japan Karate Association. In 1958, Mikami tied for first place in the All Japan Karate Championships.
He taught karate at various Japanese universities and became honorary head of the Japan Karate Association upon its establishment in 1949. In addition to being a karate master, Funakoshi was an avid poet and philosopher. His son, Gigō Funakoshi, is widely credited with developing the foundation of the modern karate Shotokan style. [5] [6]
In 1960, Funakoshi started shotokan training when the Japan Karate Association (JKA) assigned its first grand champion, Hirokazu Kanazawa to teach at the Karate Association of Hawaii for three years. For the next three years, Funakoshi trained under Masataka Mori, another senior instructor from the Japanese Karate Association.