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In that paper he discusses non-coding genes for ribosomal RNA and tRNAs and non-coding regulatory DNA and he proposes several possible functions for the bulk of non-coding DNA. [28] In another publication from the same year Comings again discusses the term junk DNA with the clear understanding that it does not include non-coding regulatory ...
In bacteria, the coding regions typically take up 88% of the genome. [1] The remaining 12% does not encode proteins, but much of it still has biological function through genes where the RNA transcript is functional (non-coding genes) and regulatory sequences, which means that almost all of the bacterial genome has a function. [1]
Long non-coding RNA/lncRNA: Non-coding RNA transcripts that are more than 200 nucleotides long. Members of this group comprise the largest fraction of the non-coding transcriptome other than introns. It is not known how many of these transcripts are functional and how many are junk RNA. transfer RNA/tRNA; micro RNA/miRNA: 19-24 nucleotides (nt ...
Values coding: codes that attempt to exhibit the inferred values, attitudes and beliefs of participants. In doing so, the research may discern patterns in world views. Sub-coding: Other names of this method are embedded coding, nested coding or joint coding. This involves assigning primary and second order codes to a word or phrase.
The mtDNA control region is an area of the mitochondrial genome which is non-coding DNA. This region controls RNA and DNA synthesis. [1] It is the most polymorphic region of the human mtDNA genome, [2] with polymorphism concentrated in hypervariable regions. The average nucleotide diversity in these regions is 1.7%. [3]
Pseudogenes are nonfunctional segments of DNA that resemble functional genes.Pseudogenes can be formed from both protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. In the case of protein-coding genes, most pseudogenes arise as superfluous copies of functional genes, either directly by gene duplication or indirectly by reverse transcription of an mRNA transcript.
Highly conserved DNA sequences are thought to have functional value, although the role for many highly conserved non-coding DNA sequences is poorly understood. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] The extent to which a sequence is conserved can be affected by varying selection pressures , its robustness to mutation, population size and genetic drift .
Moreover, non-coding RNAs like SINEs can bind or interact directly with the DNA duplex coding the gene and thus prevent its transcription. [15] Also, many non-coding RNAs are distributed near protein-coding genes, often in the reverse direction. This is especially true for short-interspersed nuclear elements as seen in Usmanova et al.