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A non-monotonic logic is a formal logic whose entailment relation is not monotonic.In other words, non-monotonic logics are devised to capture and represent defeasible inferences, i.e., a kind of inference in which reasoners draw tentative conclusions, enabling reasoners to retract their conclusion(s) based on further evidence. [1]
In nonmonotonic reasoning, the Nixon diamond is a scenario in which default assumptions lead to mutually inconsistent conclusions. The scenario is: usually, Quakers are pacifist; usually, Republicans are not pacifist; Richard Nixon is both a Quaker and a Republican
Default logic is a non-monotonic logic proposed by Raymond Reiter to formalize reasoning with default assumptions.. Default logic can express facts like “by default, something is true”; by contrast, standard logic can only express that something is true or that something is false.
Defeasible logic. In Handbook of logic in artificial intelligence and logic programming, volume 3: Nonmonotonic reasoning and uncertain reasoning, pages 353–395. Oxford University Press. G. Antoniou, D. Billington, G. Governatori, and M. Maher (2001). Representation results for defeasible logic. ACM Transactions on Computational Logic, 2(2 ...
Circumscription is a non-monotonic logic created by John McCarthy to formalize the common sense assumption that things are as expected unless otherwise specified. [1] [2] Circumscription was later used by McCarthy in an attempt to solve the frame problem.
The rational consequence relation is non-monotonic, and the relation is intended to carry the meaning theta usually implies phi or phi usually follows from theta.In this sense it is more useful for modeling some everyday situations than a monotone consequence relation because the latter relation models facts in a more strict boolean fashion—something either follows under all circumstances or ...
If you’re confused by President Donald Trump’s tariff plan, you’re not alone. Trump and his economic team have made many contradictory statements about the rationale for tariffs, leaving ...
Negation As Failure (NAF, for short) is a non-monotonic inference rule in logic programming, used to derive (i.e. that is assumed not to hold) from failure to derive . Note that n o t p {\displaystyle \mathrm {not} ~p} can be different from the statement ¬ p {\displaystyle \neg p} of the logical negation of p {\displaystyle p} , depending on ...