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The bleeding is usually light, often referred to as "spotting," though a few people may experience heavier bleeding. [citation needed] It is estimated that breakthrough bleeding affects around 25% of combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) users during the initial 3 to 4 months of use, it then usually resolves on its own. [8] [9]
With all extended-cycle COCPs, breakthrough bleeding is the most common side effect, although it tends to decrease over time. [18] In a 12-month study of a continuous COCP regimen, 59% of women experienced no bleeding in months six through twelve and 79% of women experienced no bleeding in month twelve. [19]
Unscheduled bleeding that occurs during such hormonal treatment is termed "breakthrough bleeding" (BTB) Breakthrough bleeding may result from inconsistent use of hormonal treatment, although in the initial months after initiation of a method, it may occur even with perfect use, and may ultimately affect adherence to the medication regimen. [27]
Different sources note different incidence of side effects. The most common side effect is breakthrough bleeding. Combined oral contraceptive pills can improve conditions such as dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, and acne, [105] reduce symptoms of endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome, and decrease the risk of anemia. [106]
Bleeding in excess of this norm in a nonpregnant woman constitutes gynecologic hemorrhage. In addition, early pregnancy bleeding has sometimes been included as gynecologic hemorrhage, namely bleeding from a miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy, while it actually represents obstetrical bleeding. However, from a practical view, early pregnancy ...
Side effects of dienogest include menstrual irregularities, headaches, nausea, breast tenderness, depression, and acne, among others. [14] Dienogest is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen , and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor , the biological target of progestogens like progesterone .
Bleeding may not be readily apparent; internal organs such as the liver, kidney and spleen may bleed into the abdominal cavity. The only apparent signs may come with blood loss. Bleeding from a bodily orifice, such as the rectum, nose, or ears may signal internal bleeding, but cannot be relied upon.
The side effects of surgical approaches to heavy menstrual bleeding. [ 55 ] [ 56 ] [ 40 ] [ 54 ] [ 57 ] In the UK, NICE guidelines says that for individuals with HMB and no identified pathology or fibroids less than 3 cm in diameter who do not wish to have pharmacological treatment and who do not want to conserve their fertility, surgical ...