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Maleic anhydride is produced by the V 2 O 5-catalysed oxidation of butane with air: C 4 H 10 + 4 O 2 → C 2 H 2 (CO) 2 O + 8 H 2 O. Maleic anhydride is used for the production of polyester resins and alkyd resins. [15] Phthalic anhydride is produced similarly by V 2 O 5-catalysed oxidation of ortho-xylene or naphthalene at 350–400 °C. The ...
The oxidation states are also maintained in articles of the elements (of course), and systematically in the table {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}}
From left: [V(H 2 O) 6] 2+ (lilac), [V(H 2 O) 6] 3+ (green), [VO(H 2 O) 5] 2+ (blue) and [VO(H 2 O) 5] 3+ (yellow).. Vanadium compounds are compounds formed by the element vanadium (V). The chemistry of vanadium is noteworthy for the accessibility of the four adjacent oxidation states 2–5, whereas the chemistry of the other group 5 elements, niobium and tantalum, are somewhat more limited to ...
Vanadium oxide mainly refers to: . Vanadium(II) oxide (vanadium monoxide), VO; Vanadium(III) oxide (vanadium sesquioxide or trioxide), V 2 O 3; Vanadium(IV) oxide (vanadium dioxide), VO 2
The oxidation states are also maintained in articles of the elements (of course), and systematically in the table {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}}
Each string oxidation-state-number values an oxidation-state-number eg "+3," starts with a space or a newline, followed by; a math minus sign (not a dash) OR; a plus OR; nothing; followed by number, followed by comma (every entry including the last one), a referenced-oxidation-state-number is an oxidation-state-number followed by a <ref ...
The chemistry of vanadium is noteworthy for the accessibility of the four adjacent oxidation states 2–5. In an aqueous solution , vanadium forms metal aquo complexes of which the colors are lilac [V(H 2 O) 6 ] 2+ , green [V(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+ , blue [VO(H 2 O) 5 ] 2+ , yellow-orange oxides [VO(H 2 O) 5 ] 3+ , the formula for which depends on pH.
Oxidation states are typically represented by integers which may be positive, zero, or negative. In some cases, the average oxidation state of an element is a fraction, such as 8 / 3 for iron in magnetite Fe 3 O 4 . The highest known oxidation state is reported to be +9, displayed by iridium in the tetroxoiridium(IX) cation (IrO + 4). [1]