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Maleic anhydride is produced by the V 2 O 5-catalysed oxidation of butane with air: C 4 H 10 + 4 O 2 → C 2 H 2 (CO) 2 O + 8 H 2 O. Maleic anhydride is used for the production of polyester resins and alkyd resins. [15] Phthalic anhydride is produced similarly by V 2 O 5-catalysed oxidation of ortho-xylene or naphthalene at 350–400 °C. The ...
From left: [V(H 2 O) 6] 2+ (lilac), [V(H 2 O) 6] 3+ (green), [VO(H 2 O) 5] 2+ (blue) and [VO(H 2 O) 5] 3+ (yellow).. Vanadium compounds are compounds formed by the element vanadium (V). The chemistry of vanadium is noteworthy for the accessibility of the four adjacent oxidation states 2–5, whereas the chemistry of the other group 5 elements, niobium and tantalum, are somewhat more limited to ...
The coordination chemistry of V 5+ is dominated by the relatively stable dioxovanadium coordination complexes [47] which are often formed by aerial oxidation of the vanadium(IV) precursors indicating the stability of the +5 oxidation state and ease of interconversion between the +4 and +5 states. [48]
In chemistry, the oxidation state, or oxidation number, is the hypothetical charge of an atom if all of its bonds to other atoms were fully ionic. It describes the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. Conceptually, the oxidation state may be positive, negative or zero.
In chemistry, a vanadate is an anionic coordination complex of vanadium. Often vanadate refers to oxoanions of vanadium, most of which exist in its highest oxidation state of +5. The complexes [V(CN) 6] 3− and [V 2 Cl 9] 3− are referred to as hexacyanovanadate(III) and nonachlorodivanadate(III), respectively.
The oxidation states are also maintained in articles of the elements (of course), and systematically in the table {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}}
Oxidation state is an important index to evaluate the charge distribution within molecules. [2] The most common definition of oxidation state was established by IUPAC, [3] which let the atom with higher electronegativity takes all the bonding electrons and calculated the difference between the number of electrons and protons around each atom to assign the oxidation states.
Vanadyl sulfate is most commonly obtained by reduction of vanadium pentoxide with sulfur dioxide: . V 2 O 5 + 7 H 2 O + SO 2 + H 2 SO 4 → 2 [V(O)(H 2 O) 4]SO 4. From aqueous solution, the salt crystallizes as the pentahydrate, the fifth water is not bound to the metal in the solid.