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Botrytis is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Sclerotiniaceae. Botrytis (also known as grey mold) belongs to the group hyphomycetes and has about 30 different species. It is a plant parasite as well as saprophytes on both agricultural and forest trees.
Botryotinia fuckeliana (or its anamorph Botrytis cinerea) is an important species for wine industry as well as horticulture. Other economically important species include Botryotinia convoluta (the type species of the genus), Botryotinia polyblastis, Botrytis allii and Botrytis fabae.
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be wine grapes. In viticulture , it is commonly known as "botrytis bunch rot"; in horticulture , it is usually called "grey mould" or "gray mold".
The U. botrytis strain associated with this environment is called LPSC 813 and has great cellulolytic ability. [12] Ulocladium. botrytis has potential, albeit limited, to be used as a biocontrol agent against the parasitic herbaceous plant genus Orobanche that affect the yield of certain crops like tomatoes. [19]
There are seven different species of Botrytis associated with onions in storage, but the rot induced by B. allii and B. aclada causes the greatest commercial loss. The two can be distinguished microscopically; the conidia of B. allii have a maximum length of 15 μm and mean size of 10.2 × 5.7 μm, while the conidia of B. aclada have a maximum length of 12 μm and mean size of 8.6 × 4.6 μm.
Botrytis squamosa (teleomorph: Botryotinia squamosa) is a fungus that causes leaf blight on onion (often termed ‘blast’) that is distinctly characterized by the two stages – leaf spotting followed by blighting. [1] The pathogen is an ascomycete that belongs to the family Sclerotiniaceae in the order Helotiales. [2]
Noble rot (French: pourriture noble; German: Edelfäule; Italian: Muffa nobile; Hungarian: Aszúsodás) is the beneficial form of a grey fungus, Botrytis cinerea, affecting wine grapes. [1] Infestation by Botrytis requires warm and humid conditions, typically around 20 degrees Celsius and above 80% humidity. [2]
Botrydial is produced by Botrytis cinerea when the host plant is infected. As a result, botrydial induces chlorosis and cell collapse. [ 8 ] Additionally, aggressive strains of the fungus secrets polyketides such as botcinic acid that exhibit phytotoxic and antifungal activity.