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Early settlements in the area of modern-day Luxembourg before the 10th century with the church of Saint-Saveur (today Saint-Michel) built in 987. The first known reference to the territory was made by Julius Caesar in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico. [1] The historical region of Luxembourg belonged to the Roman province of Belgica Prima. [2]
The siege of Luxembourg, in which Louis XIV of France (husband of Maria Theresa of Spain) laid siege to the Spanish-controlled Fortress of Luxembourg from 27 April to 7 June 1684, was the most significant confrontation of the War of the Reunions between France and Spain.
1684: Ernest-Alexandre Dominique de Ligne-Arenberg Croÿ, prince de Chimay et de Croÿ d'Arenberg (1643-1686) French Governors 12 June 1684: July 1686: Henri de Lambert, marquis de Lambert et de Saint Bris, Baron de Citry (1631-1686) Lieutenant-General 10 August 1686: July 1687: Louis François, duc de Boufflers (1644-1711) 25 July 1687: 1690
Between 1684 and 1697, the territory of the Duchy of Luxembourg was under French rule for a second time. [7] In the meantime, the Wittelsbachs, Wettins and the House of Bourbon ruled over Luxembourg. The history of the duchy came to an end in 1795 when France annexed the territory and integrated it into the French state. [8] [9]
In turn, the predominantly Oil-speaking geographically larger western part of the duchy was ceded to Belgium as the province de Luxembourg. This loss left the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg a predominantly German state, although French cultural influence remained strong. The loss of Belgian markets also caused painful economic problems for the state.
He was the son of Philippe of Arenberg, 9th prince de Chimay, former governor of the Duchy of Luxembourg.His mother was Theodora Maximilienne van Gaveren Herimez. After his father's death, he was entitled de Ligne, Duc d’Arenberg, Prince de Chimay, Comte de Beaumont et de Frezin, Baron de Hallwyn et de Commines, Seigneur d’Avesnes and Pair de Hainaut.
The three partitions of Luxembourg reduced Luxembourg's area substantially, to the advantage of the three surrounding countries. There were three Partitions of Luxembourg between 1659 and 1839. Together, the three partitions reduced the territory of the Duchy of Luxembourg from 10,700 km 2 (4,100 sq mi) to the present-day area of 2,586 km 2 ...
The Chamber of Reunion of Metz soon laid claims to land around the Three Bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun and most of the Spanish Duchy of Luxembourg. The fortress of Luxembourg City itself was then blockaded with the intention of it becoming part of his defensible frontier. [18] Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I (1640–1705), artist unknown