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  2. Calculus (dental) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_(dental)

    Calculus can form both along the gumline, where it is referred to as supragingival (' above the gum '), and within the narrow sulcus that exists between the teeth and the gingiva, where it is referred to as subgingival (' below the gum '). Calculus formation is associated with a number of clinical manifestations, including bad breath, receding ...

  3. Periodontal curette - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_curette

    The periodontal curette is considered a treatment instrument and is classified into two main categories: universal curettes and Gracey curettes. [1] Periodontal curettes have one face, one or two cutting edges and a rounded back and rounded toe. [1] They are typically the instrument of choice for subgingival calculus removal. [1]

  4. Gingivectomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingivectomy

    Gingivectomy is the primary treatment method available in reducing the pocket depths of patients with periodontitis and suprabony pockets. [4] [5] In a retrospective comparison between different treatment approach to periodontitis management based on the initial and final gingival health, conventional gingivectomy was proven to be more successful in reducing pocket depths and inflammation ...

  5. Gingival sulcus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingival_sulcus

    After supra-gingival oral hygiene cleaning, plaque biofilm will quickly develop at the gingival margin and will enter the gingival sulcus after some time. The junctional epithelium, which is at the base of the gingival sulcus, permits plaque bacteria and its toxin to enter the underlying gingival connective tissue via the large spaces between ...

  6. Dental plaque - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_plaque

    Dental plaque is a biofilm that attaches to tooth surfaces, restorations and prosthetic appliances (including dentures and bridges) if left undisturbed.Understanding the formation, composition and characteristics of plaque helps in its control. [6]

  7. Periodontal scaler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_scaler

    The composition of hand instruments is continuously evolving, which is why it may be a challenge to find the proper instrument for the right clinical situation. [3] With the broad variation of instrument designs and materials, it allows dental professionals to implement periodontal therapy with reduced strain and increased comfort levels for both the clinician and the patient. [3]

  8. Debridement (dental) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debridement_(dental)

    In dentistry, debridement refers to the removal by dental cleaning of accumulations of plaque and calculus (tartar) in order to maintain dental health. [1] Debridement may be performed using ultrasonic instruments, which fracture the calculus, thereby facilitating its removal, as well as hand tools, including periodontal scaler and curettes, or through the use of chemicals such as hydrogen ...

  9. Periodontal abscess - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_abscess

    A periodontal abscess most commonly occurs as a complication of advanced periodontal disease. [5] A periodontal pocket contains dental plaque, bacteria and subgingival calculus. [6] Periodontal pathogens continually find their way into the soft tissues, but normally they are held in check by the immune system. [7]