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An engine is described as oversquare or short-stroke if its cylinders have a greater bore diameter than its stroke length, giving a bore/stroke ratio greater than 1:1. An oversquare engine allows for more and larger valves in the head of the cylinder, higher possible rpm by lowering maximum piston speed, and lower crank stress due to the lower ...
The 301.6-cubic-inch (4.9 L) GMC inline six was produced from 1952 to 1960, when it was replaced by the V6. It has a square bore/stroke ratio of 4 by 4 inches (101.6 mm × 101.6 mm). This is the largest raised-deck engine. It was originally designed for the GMC military M135 and M211.
For example, motorcycle racing engines can use compression ratios as high as 14.7:1, and it is common to find motorcycles with compression ratios above 12.0:1 designed for 95 or higher octane fuel. Ethanol and methanol can take significantly higher compression ratios than gasoline.
The stroke ratio, determined by dividing the bore by the stroke, traditionally indicated whether an engine was designed for power at high engine speeds or torque at lower engine speeds. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The term "bore" can also be applied to the bore of a locomotive cylinder or steam engine pistons .
A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American and Canadian English) is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as E10 and E85 ).
The naturally aspirated GMC four-stroke diesel engines were added to the General Motors truck line for the 1965 model year. As introduced, the D351, D478, and DH478 all shared the same 17.5:1 compression ratio. [10]: 34 Although they shared similar displacement, bore, and stroke dimensions with the gasoline engines, very few parts were the same.
The four-stroke engine is more efficient when running at full throttle, while the opposite is the case for the two-stroke engine. When a small car under heavy load runs at half speed, the engine automatically switches to the two-cycle mode, which is then more efficient. The research on this showed a 27% reduction in fuel consumption. [8] [9]
The 477 shares the 401's stroke with a larger 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (114.3 mm) bore; the 534 has this same bore with a stroke of 4.2 in (106.7 mm). The early Super Duty has a unique intake system where the intake plenum is connected directly to the cylinder head; all four cylinders pull the air/fuel mixture from a single "log" type port in the head.