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Sub-Saharan Africa [a] is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara. [3] These include Central Africa, ... Climate zones of Africa, ...
Annually, the rain belt across the continent moves northward into Sub-Saharan Africa by August, then passes back southward into south-central Africa by March. [22] Areas with a savannah climate in Sub-Saharan Africa, such as Ghana, Burkina Faso, [23] [24] Darfur, [25] Eritrea, [26] Ethiopia, [27] and Botswana have a distinct rainy season. [28]
On average, agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa contributes 15% of the total GDP. [39] Africa's geography makes it particularly vulnerable to climate change, and 70% of the population rely on rain-fed agriculture for their livelihoods. [40] Smallholder farms account for 80% of cultivated lands in Sub-Saharan Africa. [39]
It has a greater variety of climates than most other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, and it has lower average temperatures than other countries within this range of latitude, like Australia, because much of the interior (central plateau or Highveld, including Johannesburg) of South Africa is at a higher elevation.
The Sahel has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh). The climate is typically hot, sunny, dry and somewhat windy all year long. The Sahel's climate is similar to, but less extreme than, the climate of the Sahara desert located just to the north. The Sahel mainly receives a low to very low amount of precipitation annually.
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The modern, arid Sahara. The Sahara was not a desert during the African humid period. Instead, most of northern Africa was covered by grass, trees, and lakes. The African humid period (AHP; also known by other names) was a climate period in Africa during the late Pleistocene and Holocene geologic epochs, when northern Africa was wetter than today.
As a result of climate change, droughts have become more common, rainfall patterns have become more erratic, and other extreme weather events have occurred. These events have disrupted agricultural cycles and decreased crop yields. According to recent research, agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa is strongly impacted by climate change.