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Annually, the rain belt across the continent moves northward into Sub-Saharan Africa by August, then passes back southward into south-central Africa by March. [22] Areas with a savannah climate in Sub-Saharan Africa, such as Ghana, Burkina Faso, [23] [24] Darfur, [25] Eritrea, [26] Ethiopia, [27] and Botswana have a distinct rainy season. [28]
Sub-Saharan Africa or Subsahara is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara. [3] ... Climate zones of Africa, ...
On average, agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa contributes 15% of the total GDP. [39] Africa's geography makes it particularly vulnerable to climate change, and 70% of the population rely on rain-fed agriculture for their livelihoods. [40] Smallholder farms account for 80% of cultivated lands in Sub-Saharan Africa. [39]
As a result of climate change, droughts have become more common, rainfall patterns have become more erratic, and other extreme weather events have occurred. These events have disrupted agricultural cycles and decreased crop yields. According to recent research, agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa is strongly impacted by climate change.
It has a greater variety of climates than most other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, and it has lower average temperatures than other countries within this range of latitude, like Australia, because much of the interior (central plateau or Highveld, including Johannesburg) of South Africa is at a higher elevation.
The rainfall in sub-Saharan Africa is highly seasonal and unevenly distributed, leading to frequent floods and droughts. [56] The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations reported in 2012 that growing water scarcity is now one of the leading challenges for sustainable development. [57]
The modern, arid Sahara. The Sahara was not a desert during the African humid period. Instead, most of northern Africa was covered by grass, trees, and lakes. The African humid period (AHP; also known by other names) was a climate period in Africa during the late Pleistocene and Holocene geologic epochs, when northern Africa was wetter than today.
Most of the Afrotropical realm, except for Africa's southern tip, has a tropical climate. A broad belt of deserts, including the Atlantic and Sahara deserts of northern Africa and the Arabian Desert of the Arabian Peninsula, separates the Afrotropic from the Palearctic realm, which includes northern Africa and temperate Eurasia.