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Not all animals have neurons; Trichoplax and sponges lack nerve cells altogether. Neurons may be packed to form structures such as the brain of vertebrates or the neural ganglions of insects. The number of neurons and their relative abundance in different parts of the brain is a determinant of neural function and, consequently, of behavior.
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.It consists of nervous tissue and is typically located in the head (cephalization), usually near organs for special senses such as vision, hearing and olfaction.
Aside from the human brain, there are many other animals whose brains and nervous systems have received extensive study as model systems, including mice, zebrafish, [20] fruit fly, [21] and a species of roundworm called C. elegans. Each of these has its own advantages and disadvantages as a model system.
In radially symmetric animals such as the jellyfish and hydra, the nervous system consists of a nerve net, a diffuse network of isolated cells. [10] In bilaterian animals, which make up the great majority of existing species, the nervous system has a common structure that originated early in the Ediacaran period, over 550 million years ago. [11 ...
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all parts of the bodies of bilaterally symmetric and triploblastic animals—that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and diploblasts.
Of course, animals that are not vertebrates also have brains, and their brains have undergone separate evolutionary histories. [ 6 ] The brainstem and limbic system are largely based on nuclei , which are essentially balled-up clusters of tightly packed neurons and the axon fibers that connect them to each other, as well as to neurons in other ...
Scientists discovered a 520-million-year-old fossilized larva with brains and guts ... to represent the beast they used to prop up in their entirety. ... of small creatures or animals left in ...
A lobster is heavily cephalized, with eyes, antennae, multiple mouthparts, and the brain (inside the armoured exoskeleton), all concentrated at the animal's head end. Cephalization is an evolutionary trend in animals that, over many generations, the special sense organs and nerve ganglia become concentrated towards the front of the body where ...