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It is an allotrope of carbon in the form of a plane of sp 2-bonded atoms with a molecular bond length of 0.142 nm (1.42 Å). In a graphene sheet, each atom is connected to its three nearest carbon neighbors by σ-bonds , and a delocalized π-bond , which contributes to a valence band that extends over the whole sheet.
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are ultrathin nanomaterials with a high degree of anisotropy and chemical functionality. [ 106 ] 2D nanomaterials are highly diverse in terms of their mechanical , chemical , and optical properties, as well as in size, shape, biocompatibility, and degradability.
Nanomaterials describe, in principle, chemical substances or materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale [1]). Nanomaterials research takes a materials science -based approach to nanotechnology , leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have ...
A nanosheet is a two-dimensional nanostructure with thickness in a scale ranging from 1 to 100 nm. [1] [2] [3] A typical example of a nanosheet is graphene, the thinnest two-dimensional material (0.34 nm) in the world. [4] It consists of a single layer of carbon atoms with hexagonal lattices.
Exfoliation is a process that separates layered materials into nanomaterials by breaking the bonds between layers using mechanical, chemical, or thermal procedures.. While exfoliation has historical roots dating back centuries, significant advances and widespread research gained momentum after Novoselov and Geim's discovery of graphene using Scotch tape in 2004.
Hybrid materials are composites consisting of two constituents at the nanometer or molecular level. Commonly one of these compounds is inorganic and the other one organic in nature. Thus, they differ from traditional composites where the constituents are at the macroscopic ( micrometer to millimeter ) level. [ 1 ]
One of the SWNT (single walled carbon nanotube) types, with an irregular horn-like shape, which may be a critical component of a new generation of fuel cells. Nanoimprinting A technique that is very simple in concept, and totally analogous to traditional mould- or form-based printing technology, but that uses moulds (masters) with nanoscale ...
The lattice constant is dependent on the bond length of the atoms. For a zig-zag shape, c = 3 - (bond length), while for the armchair shape, c = √ 3 - (bond length). A theoretical evaluation has determined that the optimum bond lengths are 1.92 angstroms and 1.88 angstroms for zig-zag and armchair nanotubes respectively.