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In an optical fiber, the normalized frequency, V (also called the V number), is given by = =, where a is the core radius, λ is the wavelength in vacuum, n 1 is the maximum refractive index of the core, n 2 is the refractive index of the homogeneous cladding, and applying the usual definition of the numerical aperture NA.
Abbe numbers are used to classify glass and other optical materials in terms of their chromaticity. For example, the higher dispersion flint glasses have relatively small Abbe numbers V < 55 {\displaystyle V<55} whereas the lower dispersion crown glasses have larger Abbe numbers.
The number of modes in an optical fiber distinguishes multi-mode optical fiber from single-mode optical fiber. To determine the number of modes in a step-index fiber, the V number needs to be determined: = where is the wavenumber, is the fiber's core radius, and and are the refractive indices of the core and cladding, respectively. Fiber with a ...
In fiber optics, mode volume is the number of bound modes that an optical fiber is capable of supporting. [11]The mode volume M is approximately given by and (+), respectively for step-index and power-law index profile fibers, where g is the profile parameter, and V is the normalized frequency, which must be greater than 5 for this approximation to be valid.
This has the same form as the numerical aperture in other optical systems, so it has become common to define the NA of any type of fiber to be =, where n core is the refractive index along the central axis of the fiber. Note that when this definition is used, the connection between the numerical aperture and the acceptance angle of the fiber ...
An optical fiber, or optical fibre, is a flexible glass or plastic fiber that can transmit light [a] ... In the 1990s, the number of parts per connector, polishing of ...
Refractive index contrast, in an optical waveguide, such as an optical fiber, is a measure of the relative difference in refractive index of the core and cladding.The refractive index contrast, Δ, is often given by =, where n 1 is the maximum refractive index in the core (or simply the core index for a step-index profile) and n 2 is the refractive index of the cladding. [1]
An optical waveguide is a physical structure that guides electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum.Common types of optical waveguides include optical fiber waveguides, transparent dielectric waveguides made of plastic and glass, liquid light guides, and liquid waveguides.