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The fetal head, from an obstetrical viewpoint, and in particular its size, is important because an essential feature of labor is the adaptation between the fetal head and the maternal bony pelvis. Only a comparatively small part of the head at term is represented by the face.
In obstetrics, a cephalic presentation or head presentation or head-first presentation is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first; the most common form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation, where the occiput is the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal). [1]
Presentation of twins in Der Rosengarten ("The Rose Garden"), a German standard medical text for midwives published in 1513. In obstetrics, the presentation of a fetus about to be born specifies which anatomical part of the fetus is leading, that is, is closest to the pelvic inlet of the birth canal.
Posterior asynclitism is when the fetal occiput is facing the mother's spine, and anterior asynclitism is when the fetal occiput is facing the mother's belly. The most common and preferred type of asynclitism is the left occiput anterior asynclitism because the baby's head enters the pelvis in such a way that it minimizes the circumference of ...
The face and neck development of the human embryo refers to the development of the structures from the third to eighth week that give rise to the future head and neck.They consist of three layers, the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, which form the mesenchyme (derived form the lateral plate mesoderm and paraxial mesoderm), neural crest and neural placodes (from the ectoderm). [1]
In obstetrics, the term flexion point refers to a spot on the fetal head on which the cup of a ventouse should to be placed for extraction of the child to be most effective. When the cup of the ventouse is applied on the flexion point, the fetal head will remain flexed under traction, hence the name flexion point.
The fetal head of infants born with iniencephaly are hyperextended while the foramen magnum is enlarged and opens through the widened pedicles. The defective neural arches directly into the upper cervical reach of the spinal canal , causing the formation of a common cavity between most of the spinal cord and the brain .
A cephalohematoma which occurs in 0.4% to 2.5% of live births, is where pressure during vaginal delivery to the fetal head causes blood vessels rupture in the periosteum (a membrane layer covering bone exterior) leading to blood accumulation in the subperiosteal space, a space situated below the periosteum.