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In medicine (gastroenterology), angiodysplasia is a small vascular malformation of the gut. It is a common cause of otherwise unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia. Lesions are often multiple, and frequently involve the cecum or ascending colon, although they can occur at other places.
An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system. Usually congenital , this vascular anomaly is widely known because of its occurrence in the central nervous system (usually as a cerebral AVM ), but can appear anywhere in the body.
This is particularly true in the presence of intestinal angiodysplasia, where arteriovenous malformations lead to very high blood flow, and so the loss of von Willebrand factor can lead to much more extensive bleeding from these lesions. [9] [10] When people with aortic stenosis also have gastrointestinal bleeding, it is invariably from ...
Low-flow malformations involve a single type of blood or lymph vessel, and are known as simple vascular malformations; high-flow malformations involve an artery. There are also malformations that are of mixed-flow involving more than one type of vessel, such as an arteriovenous malformation. [2]
Venous malformations can be painful in the morning due to stasis and microthrombi within the veins. Venous malformations usually occur in the head and neck. [13] Venous malformations are the most common vascular anomaly, making up 40% of all vascular malformations. [2] They can be treated with sclerotherapy and surgical resection. [3] Lymphatic ...
In tetrapods, the ileocaecal valve is always present, opening into the colon. The length of the small intestine is typically longer in tetrapods than in teleosts, but is especially so in herbivores, as well as in mammals and birds, which have a higher metabolic rate than amphibians or reptiles. The lining of the small intestine includes ...
Arterio refers to the arteries, which are the the blood vessels that take blood away from the heart, and venous refers to the veins, which carry blood toward the heart. Mal- means “badly”, so an arteriovenous malformation, or AVM, is some sort of “bad” or abnormal formation between the arteries and veins.
Superior mesenteric artery compressing the duodenum, featuring the superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a gastro-vascular disorder in which the third and final portion of the duodenum is compressed between the abdominal aorta (AA) and the overlying superior mesenteric artery.