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Plasmodium vivax is a protozoal parasite and a human pathogen.This parasite is the most frequent and widely distributed cause of recurring malaria. [2] Although it is less virulent than Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest of the five human malaria parasites, P. vivax malaria infections can lead to severe disease and death, often due to splenomegaly (a pathologically enlarged spleen).
P. vivax is also known to infect orangutans [20] and the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) [10] P. vivax has been reported from chimpanzees living in the wild. [13] It has been suggested that vivax infection of the great apes in Africa may act as a reservoir given the prevalence of Duffy antigen negative humans in this area. [21 ...
Plasmodium is a eukaryote but with unusual features. The genus Plasmodium consists of all eukaryotes in the phylum Apicomplexa that both undergo the asexual replication process of merogony inside host red blood cells and produce the crystalline pigment hemozoin as a byproduct of digesting host hemoglobin. [2]
Plasmodium malariae is a parasitic protozoan that causes malaria in humans. It is one of several species of Plasmodium parasites that infect other organisms as pathogens, also including Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, responsible for most malarial infection.
Within the subgenus Plasmodium, P. vivax groups with an Asian clade which appears to be rooted in Africa. P. malaria and P. ovale both belong to an African clade and are more closely related to each other than to P. vivax. Within the subgenus Laverinia P. falciparum and P. reichenowi form a clade while the other four known species form a second ...
English: Microphotographs of Plasmodium vivax in Giemsa-stained thin blood films collected in Singapore. a, b ring stages, c–e young trophozoites, f–h amoeboid trophozoites, i young schizont, j–l growing schizonts, m developed schizont, n mature schizont, o young gametocyte, p macroga‑metocyte, r, q microgametocytes.
P. vivax proportionally is more common outside Africa. [51] Some cases have been documented of human infections with several species of Plasmodium from higher apes, but except for P. knowlesi—a zoonotic species that causes malaria in macaques [52] —these are mostly of limited public health importance. [53]
Plasmodium cynomolgi is the second-most studied malaria parasite of non-human primates after Plasmodium knowlesi, primarily due to its similarity to the human parasite P. vivax. [10] In particular, P. cynomolgi is used as a model for hypnozoite biology as it (along with P. vivax ) is one of the few Plasmodium species known to have this ...