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Damage control surgery is surgical intervention to keep the patient alive rather than correct the anatomy. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It addresses the "lethal triad" for critically ill patients with severe hemorrhage affecting homeostasis leading to metabolic acidosis , hypothermia , and increased coagulopathy .
Commonly, when someone presents with these signs, damage control surgery is employed to reverse the effects. [citation needed] The three conditions share a complex relationship; each factor can compound the others, resulting in high mortality if this positive feedback loop continues uninterrupted. [citation needed]
A philosophy of damage control orthopaedics (DCO) was proposed in 2000, [2] aiming to prevent early death in a critically wounded patient via stabilization and not definitive fixation, often with the use of external fixation systems. EAC was developed by Heather Vallier while at MetroHealth in Cleveland. [3]
Damage control surgery is used to manage severe trauma in which there is a cycle of metabolic acidosis, hypothermia, and hypotension that may lead to death, if not corrected. [6] The main principle of the procedure involves performing the fewest procedures to save life and limb; less critical procedures are left until the victim is more stable. [6]
Trauma surgery is a surgical specialty that utilizes both operative and non-operative management to treat traumatic injuries, typically in an acute setting. Trauma surgeons generally complete residency training in general surgery [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and often fellowship training in trauma or surgical critical care .
In severe liver injuries (class ≥III), or those with hemodynamic instability, surgery is generally necessary. [7] Surgical techniques such as perihepatic packing or the use of the Pringle manoeuvre can be used to control hemorrhage. [2] [3] Temporary control of the hemorrhage can be accomplished through direct manual pressure to the wound ...
The procedure allows immediate direct access to the thoracic cavity, permitting rescuers to control hemorrhage, relieve cardiac tamponade, repair or control major injuries to the heart, lungs or thoracic vasculature, and perform direct cardiac massage or defibrillation. The procedure is rarely performed and is a procedure of last resort.
Damage control is the limiting of damage resulting from an action when damage cannot be avoided. Damage control may also refer to: ... Damage control surgery, ...