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The association between inflammatory conditions of the eye and Crohn's disease is due to many Crohn's disease patients having genetic markers such as HLA-B07, HLA-B27 and HLA-DRB1*0103. [57] Additionally, cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 which are produced in the bowel enter the circulatory system and travel to the eyes to trigger inflammation.
Rectal strictures are more common in Crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis. [2] There is a risk of malignancy developing at the site of stricture; therefore, tissue biopsy of strictures is carried out in order to check for dysplasia or malignancy.
The Crohn's Disease Activity Index or CDAI is a research tool used to quantify the symptoms of patients with Crohn's disease.This is of useful importance in research studies done on medications used to treat Crohn's disease; most major studies on newer medications use the CDAI in order to define response or remission of disease.
The anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody infliximab is a major biological therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Biological therapy, the use of medications called biopharmaceuticals or biologics that are tailored to specifically target an immune or genetic mediator of disease, plays a major role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. [1]
People with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) are at increased risk of colon cancer. [32] [33] The risk increases the longer a person has the disease, and the worse the severity of inflammation. [34] In these high risk groups, both prevention with aspirin and regular colonoscopies are recommended. [35]
Surgery is normally reserved for complications of Crohn's disease or when disease that resists treatment with drugs is confined to one location that can be removed. [30] Surgery is often used to manage complications of Crohn's disease, including fistulae , small bowel obstruction , colon cancer , small intestine cancer and fibrostenotic ...
However, a complete colonoscopy with entry into the terminal ileum should be performed to rule out Crohn's disease, and assess extent and severity of disease. [73] Endoscopic findings in ulcerative colitis include: erythema (redness of the mucosa ), friability of the mucosa, superficial ulceration, and loss of the vascular appearance of the colon.
Mercaptopurine (6-MP), sold under the brand name Purinethol among others, is a medication used for cancer and autoimmune diseases. [2] Specifically it is used to treat acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. [2] [3] For acute lymphocytic leukemia it is generally used with ...