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A belaying pin is composed of a round handle and cylindrical shaft. The shaft is inserted into a hole in various strategically located wooden pinrails (lining the inside of the bulwarks, surrounding the base of masts, or free-standing, called fife rails) up to the base of the handle.
When not being used, the ladder is stowed away, usually rolled up, rather than left hanging. On late 19th-century warships, this kind of ladder would replace the normal fixed ladders on deck during battle. Fixes ladders, and railings, would be removed and replaced with Jacob's ladders and ropes in preparation for battle.
Cable can have too much deflection allowing body parts to slip through, or cables can merely "pull out" of the end fittings, causing the cable rail to fail. Poorly designed end posts will result in a railing where the cables cannot be properly tensioned without an unacceptable amount of cable deflection.
It is a large strong rope, wire or rod extending from the upper end of each mast and running down towards the deck of the vessel in a midships fore-and-aft direction. The shrouds serve a similar function but extend on each side of the mast and provide support in the athwartships direction.
Diagram 3 shows three rope parts supporting the load W, which means the tension in the rope is W/3. Thus, the mechanical advantage is three-to-one. By adding a pulley to the fixed block of a gun tackle the direction of the pulling force is reversed though the mechanical advantage remains the same, Diagram 3a. This is an example of the Luff tackle.
Materials have evolved from the use of Manilla rope to synthetic fibers, which include dacron, nylon and kevlar. [8] Running rigging varies between fore-and-aft rigged vessels and square-rigged vessels. They have common functions between them for supporting, shaping and orienting sails, which employ different mechanisms.
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Some cable ferries use a wire rope on the upstream side in order to hold the position and a chain on the downstream side for propulsion. A special type are electrically powered overhead-cable ferries like Straussee Ferry , which have an onboard propulsion unit and can float free, but are connected to the overhead wire for the power supply ...