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The modulus of a counter is the number of states in its count sequence. The maximum possible modulus is determined by the number of flip-flops. For example, a four-bit counter can have a modulus of up to 16 (2^4). Counters are generally classified as either synchronous or asynchronous.
synchronous presettable 4-bit binary up/down counter, common clock 25 Ω series resistor 16 QS74FCT2191T: 74x2193 1 synchronous presettable 4-bit binary counter, separate up/down clocks 25 Ω series resistor 16 QS74FCT2193T: 74x2226 2 dual 64-bit FIFO memories (64x1) (24) SN74ACT2226: 74x2227 2 dual 64-bit FIFO memories (64x1) three-state (28)
40110 – Up/down decade counter with 7-segment display decoder with 25 mA output drivers. 40192 – Up/down decade counter with 4-bit BCD preset. 40193 – Up/down binary counter with 4-bit binary preset. Decoders. 4028 – 4-bit BCD to 10-output decoder (can be used as 3-bit binary to 8-output decoder)
The following is a list of CMOS 4000-series digital logic integrated circuits.In 1968, the original 4000-series was introduced by RCA.Although more recent parts are considerably faster, the 4000 devices operate over a wide power supply range (3V to 18V recommended range for "B" series) and are well suited to unregulated battery powered applications and interfacing with sensitive analogue ...
In the descriptions below, the word digit can be replaced by bit when referring to binary addition of 2. The addition of two 1-digit inputs A and B is said to generate if the addition will always carry, regardless of whether there is an input-carry (equivalently, regardless of whether any less significant digits in the sum carry).
A standard LFSR has a single XOR or XNOR gate, where the input of the gate is connected to several "taps" and the output is connected to the input of the first flip-flop. A MISR has the same structure, but the input to every flip-flop is fed through an XOR/XNOR gate. For example, a 4-bit MISR has a 4-bit parallel output and a 4-bit parallel input.
While 4-bit computing is mostly obsolete, 4-bit values are still used in the same decimal-centric roles they were developed for, and modern implementations are generally much wider and process multiple 4-bit values in parallel. An example of such a system is the HP Saturn design of the 1980s. By the 1990s, most such uses had been replaced by ...
In most cases, several parallel shift registers would be used to build a larger memory pool known as a "bit array". Data was stored into the array and read back out in parallel, often as a computer word, while each bit was stored serially in the shift registers. There is an inherent trade-off in the design of bit arrays; putting more flip-flops ...