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  2. Power-on self-test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test

    Power-on self-test. A power-on self-test (POST) is a process performed by firmware or software routines immediately after a computer or other digital electronic device is powered on. [1] POST processes may set the initial state of the device from firmware and detect if any hardware components are non-functional.

  3. Macintosh startup - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_startup

    Macintosh startup. The Macintosh startup sequence for Apple Macintosh computers, or Macs, includes hardware tests and diagnostics which can trigger the startup chimes or other indications of startup success or failure. The startup sequence provides auditory and visual symbols of the computer's status and condition as it powers up, providing ...

  4. UEFI - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFI

    UEFI requires the firmware and operating system loader (or kernel) to be size-matched; that is, a 64-bit UEFI firmware implementation can load only a 64-bit operating system (OS) boot loader or kernel (unless the CSM-based legacy boot is used) and the same applies to 32-bit.

  5. List of built-in macOS apps - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_built-in_macOS_apps

    v. t. e. This is a list of built-in apps and system components developed by Apple Inc. for macOS that come bundled by default or are installed through a system update. Many of the default programs found on macOS have counterparts on Apple's other operating systems, most often on iOS and iPadOS. Apple has also included versions of iWork, iMovie ...

  6. Preboot Execution Environment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preboot_Execution_Environment

    The Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) was introduced as part of the Wired for Management [2] framework by Intel and is described in the specification published by Intel and SystemSoft. PXE version 2.0 was released in December 1998, and the update 2.1 was made public in September 1999. [3] The PXE environment makes use of several standard ...

  7. Pre-boot authentication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-boot_authentication

    Pre-boot authentication. Pre-boot authentication (PBA) or power-on authentication (POA) [1] serves as an extension of the BIOS, UEFI or boot firmware and guarantees a secure, tamper-proof environment external to the operating system as a trusted authentication layer. The PBA prevents anything being read from the hard disk such as the operating ...

  8. Booting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting

    Booting. A flow diagram of a computer booting. In computing, booting is the process of starting a computer as initiated via hardware such as a button on the computer or by a software command. After it is switched on, a computer's central processing unit (CPU) has no software in its main memory, so some process must load software into memory ...

  9. macOS version history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS_version_history

    The history of macOS, Apple's current Mac operating system formerly named Mac OS X until 2011 and then OS X until 2016, began with the company's project to replace its "classic" Mac OS. That system, up to and including its final release Mac OS 9 , was a direct descendant of the operating system Apple had used in its Mac computers since their ...