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Diabetic foot ulcer is a breakdown of the skin and sometimes deeper tissues of the foot that leads to sore formation. It is thought to occur due to abnormal pressure or mechanical stress chronically applied to the foot, usually with concomitant predisposing conditions such as peripheral sensory neuropathy, peripheral motor neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy or peripheral arterial disease. [1]
Foot of an 80-year old individual with type 2 diabetes and heart failure. The second toe has a large ischaemic ulcer. The first toe has a small one. The prevalence of arterial insufficiency ulcers among people with Diabetes is high due to decreased blood flow caused by the thinning of arteries and the lack of sensation due to diabetic neuropathy.
Diabetic foot infection is any infection of the foot in a diabetic person. [2] The most frequent cause of hospitalization for diabetic patients is due to foot infections. [ 3 ] Symptoms may include pus from a wound, redness, swelling, pain, warmth, tachycardia , or tachypnea. [ 4 ]
The host's immune response to the presence of bacteria prolongs inflammation, delays healing, and damages tissue. [14] Infection can lead not only to chronic wounds but also to gangrene, loss of the infected limb, and death of the patient. More recently, an interplay between bacterial colonization and increases in reactive oxygen species ...
Gangrene toes in a diabetic. Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply. [4] The feet and hands are most commonly affected. [1] If the gangrene is caused by an infectious agent, it may present with a fever or sepsis.
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There are orthotic shoe insoles (foot orthotics) that help correct flat feet. Surgery does not correct flat feet and should be avoided. [citation needed] Hammer toes are unsightly and reveal a toe that is curled due to a bend in the middle joint of the toe. A hammer toe occur chiefly because the shoe is too tight at the front or the heels are ...
After infection, warts may not become visible for several weeks or months. Because of pressure on the sole of the foot or finger, the wart is pushed inward and a layer of hard skin may form over the wart. A plantar wart can be painful if left untreated. [11] [12]