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BOD test bottles at the laboratory of a wastewater treatment plant. Biochemical oxygen demand (also known as BOD or biological oxygen demand) is an analytical parameter representing the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) consumed by aerobic bacteria growing on the organic material present in a water sample at a specific temperature over a specific time period.
The model describes how dissolved oxygen (DO) decreases in a river or stream along a certain distance by degradation of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The equation was derived by H. W. Streeter, a sanitary engineer, and Earle B. Phelps, a consultant for the U.S. Public Health Service, in 1925, based on field data from the Ohio River. The ...
The difference in DO and the dilution factor are used to calculated BOD 5. The resulting number (usually reported in parts per million or milligrams per liter) is useful in determining the relative organic strength of sewage or other polluted waters. The BOD 5 test is an example of analysis that determines classes of materials in a sample.
By maintaining this ratio at the appropriate level the biomass will consume high percentages of the food. This minimizes the loss of residual food in the treated effluent. In simple terms, the more the biomass consumes the lower the biochemical oxygen demand will be in the discharge. It is important that MLSS removes COD and BOD in order to ...
Because the Ultimate BOD is so time consuming, the 5-day BOD has been almost universally adopted as a measure of relative pollution effect. There are also many different COD tests of which the 4-hour COD is probably the most common. There is no generalized correlation between the 5-day BOD and the ultimate BOD.
The reactions take place by the joint participation of several microorganisms living within the pond. The organic matter is measured as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). BOD values in the pond effluent are lower than in the influent, reflecting the removal of organic matter. This pond biome uses organic matter from the wastewater as food.
The above expression for vapor quality can be expressed as: = where is equal to either specific enthalpy, specific entropy, specific volume or specific internal energy, is the value of the specific property of saturated liquid state and is the value of the specific property of the substance in dome zone, which we can find both liquid and vapor .
Infiltration/Inflow (I/I or I&I) is the process of groundwater, or water from sources other than domestic wastewater, entering sanitary sewers. I/I causes dilution in sanitary sewers, which decreases the efficiency of treatment, and may cause sewage volumes to exceed design capacity.