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The overall chemical reaction is: CO 2 + Ca(OH) 2 → CaCO 3 + H 2 O + heat (in the presence of water) Each mole of CO 2 (44 g) reacts with one mole of calcium hydroxide (74 g) and produces one mole of water (18 g). The reaction can be considered as a strong-base-catalysed, water-facilitated reaction. [5]
Its solubility product K sp of 5.02 × 10 −6 at 25 °C, [1] its dissociation in water is large enough that its solutions are basic according to the following dissolution reaction: Ca(OH) 2 → Ca 2+ + 2 OH −. The solubility is affected by the common-ion effect. Its solubility drastically decreases upon addition of hydroxide or calcium sources.
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.
A solution or suspension of calcium hydroxide is known as limewater and can be used to test for the weak acid carbon dioxide. The reaction Ca(OH) 2 + CO 2 ⇌ Ca 2+ + HCO − 3 + OH − illustrates the basicity of calcium hydroxide. Soda lime, which is a mixture of the strong bases NaOH and KOH with Ca(OH) 2, is used as a CO 2 absorbent.
2 LiOH·H 2 O + CO 2 → Li 2 CO 3 + 3 H 2 O. or 2 LiOH + CO 2 → Li 2 CO 3 + H 2 O. The latter, anhydrous hydroxide, is preferred for its lower mass and lesser water production for respirator systems in spacecraft. One gram of anhydrous lithium hydroxide can remove 450 cm 3 of carbon dioxide gas. The monohydrate loses its water at 100–110 °C.
2 (ch 2 ch 2)o + c 2 h 5 oh → ho–ch 2 ch 2 –o–ch 2 ch 2 –oc 2 h 5 Reactions with lower alcohols occur less actively than with water and require more severe conditions, such as heating to 160 °C (320 °F) and pressurizing to 3 MPa (440 psi) and adding an acid or alkali catalyst.
Its usage varies from about 30 to 50 kilograms (65–110 lb) per ton of steel. The quicklime neutralizes the acidic oxides, SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, and Fe 2 O 3, to produce a basic molten slag. [10] Ground quicklime is used in the production of aerated concrete such as blocks with densities of ca. 0.6–1.0 g/cm 3 (9.8–16.4 g/cu in). [10]
The alkali–carbonate reaction is also catalyzed by the soluble NaOH produced by the reaction of Na 2 CO 3 with Ca(OH) 2 (portlandite) present in the hardened cement paste (HCP), therefore perpetuating the reaction indefinitely as observed by Fournier and Bérubé (2000) and Bérubé et al. (2005). [4] [5]