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In 1982, Blue Shield merged with The Blue Cross Association to form the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association (BCBS). [11] Prior to 1986, organizations administering BCBS were tax exempt under 501(c)(4) as social welfare plans. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 revoked the exemption, however, because the plans sold commercial-type insurance.
A point of service plan is a type of managed care health insurance plan in the United States. It combines characteristics of the health maintenance organization (HMO) and the preferred provider organization (PPO). [1] The POS is based on a managed care foundation—lower medical costs in exchange for more limited choice. But POS health ...
A Point of Service plan falls between HMOs and PPOs in terms of cost and combines features of both plans. POS plans allow you to choose what type of care you want at the beginning of every visit ...
[4]: 6 By 1982, 40 plans were counted and by 1983 variations such as the exclusive provider organization had arisen. [3] In the 1980s, PPOs spread in cities in the Western United States, particularly California due to favorable state laws. [3]
This was the origin of Blue Cross. Around 1939, state medical societies created Blue Shield plans to cover physician services, as Blue Cross covered only hospital services. These prepaid plans burgeoned during the Great Depression as a method for providers to ensure constant and steady revenue. In 1970, the number of HMOs declined to fewer than 40.
In 2010 about 250 plans participate in the program. [3] About 20 plans are nationwide or almost nationwide, such as the ones offered by some employee unions such as the National Association of Letter Carriers, by some employee associations such as GEHA, and by national insurance companies such as Aetna and the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association on behalf of its member companies.