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The molecular geometry of ClF 3 is approximately T-shaped, with one short bond (1.598 Å) and two long bonds (1.698 Å). [14] This structure agrees with the prediction of VSEPR theory , which predicts lone pairs of electrons as occupying two equatorial positions of a hypothetic trigonal bipyramid .
The compound is more conveniently prepared by reaction of sodium chlorate and chlorine trifluoride [3] and purified by vacuum fractionation, i.e. selectively condensing this species separately from other products. This species is a gas boiling at −6 °C: 6 NaClO 3 + 4 ClF 3 → 6 ClO 2 F + 2 Cl 2 + 3 O 2 + 6 NaF
ClF ClF 3 ClF 5; Systematic name: Chlorine monofluoride: Chlorine trifluoride: Chlorine pentafluoride: Molar mass: 54.45 g/mol 92.45 g/mol 130.45 g/mol CAS number: Melting point: −155.6 °C −76.3 °C −103 °C Boiling point: −100 °C 11.8 °C −13.1 °C Standard enthalpy of formation Δ f H° gas: −50.29 kJ/mol −158.87 kJ/mol
The molecular structure in the gas phase was determined by microwave spectroscopy; the bond length is r e = 1.628341(4) Å. [2]The bond length in the crystalline ClF is 1.628(1) Å; the lengthening relative to the free molecule is due to an interaction of the type F-Br···ClMe with a distance of 2.640(1) Å.
The T-shaped geometry is related to the trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry for AX 5 molecules with three equatorial and two axial ligands. In an AX 3 E 2 molecule, the two lone pairs occupy two equatorial positions, and the three ligand atoms occupy the two axial positions as well as one equatorial position.
Molecular geometry influences several properties of a substance including its reactivity, polarity, phase of matter, color, magnetism and biological activity. [1] [2] [3] The angles between bonds that an atom forms depend only weakly on the rest of molecule, i.e. they can be understood as approximately local and hence transferable properties.
[1] [25] Most strikingly, the molecule changes its geometry upon excitation, going from a simple linear symmetry to a trans-bent structure. This is in excellent agreement with both the landmark results of Ingold and King, [ 26 ] which were the first demonstration of an excited state having a qualitatively different geometry than the ground ...
Structure of xenon oxytetrafluoride, an example of a molecule with the square pyramidal coordination geometry. Square pyramidal geometry describes the shape of certain chemical compounds with the formula ML 5 where L is a ligand. If the ligand atoms were connected, the resulting shape would be that of a pyramid with a square base.