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2. Password cracking - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking

   However, asking users to remember a password consisting of a "mix of uppercase and lowercase characters" is similar to asking them to remember a sequence of bits: hard to remember, and only a little bit harder to crack (e.g. only 128 times harder to crack for 7-letter passwords, less if the user simply capitalizes one of the letters).

3. Crack (password software) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crack_(password_software)

   Network distributed password cracking; Crack v5.0a [6] released in 2000 did not introduce any new features, but instead concentrated on improving the code and introducing more flexibility, such as the ability to integrate other crypt() variants such as those needed to attack the MD5 password hashes used on more modern Unix, Linux and Windows NT ...

4. Password strength - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength

   Systems that use passwords for authentication must have some way to check any password entered to gain access. If the valid passwords are simply stored in a system file or database, an attacker who gains sufficient access to the system will obtain all user passwords, giving the attacker access to all accounts on the attacked system and possibly other systems where users employ the same or ...

5. Brute-force attack - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute-force_attack

   This is known as an exhaustive key search. This approach doesn't depend on intellectual tactics; rather, it relies on making several attempts. [citation needed] A brute-force attack is a cryptanalytic attack that can, in theory, be used to attempt to decrypt any encrypted data (except for data encrypted in an information-theoretically secure ...

6. ssh-keygen - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ssh-keygen

   Requests changing the passphrase of a private key file instead of creating a new private key. -t Specifies the type of key to create (e.g., rsa). -o Use the new OpenSSH format. -q quiets ssh-keygen. It is used by the /etc/rc file while creating a new key. -N Provides a new Passphrase. -B Dumps the key's fingerprint in Bubble Babble format. -l

7. Rainbow table - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_table

   To generate the table, we choose a random set of initial passwords from P, compute chains of some fixed length k for each one, and store only the first and last password in each chain. The first password is called the starting point and the last one is called the endpoint .

8. Tips to create a strong password - AOL Help

   help.aol.com/.../tips-to-create-a-strong-password

   A strong password is your first line of defense against intruders and imposters. Here are some helpful tips on creating a secure password so you can make sure your information remains safe. Create a strong password • Use unique words - Don't use obvious words like "password". • Have 12 or more characters - Longer passwords are more secure.

9. Key stretching - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_stretching

   Passwords or passphrases created by humans are often short or predictable enough to allow password cracking, and key stretching is intended to make such attacks more difficult by complicating a basic step of trying a single password candidate. Key stretching also improves security in some real-world applications where the key length has been ...