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Ejaculatory duct obstruction (EDO) is a pathological condition which is characterized by the obstruction of one or both ejaculatory ducts. Thus, the efflux of (most constituents of) semen is not possible. It can be congenital or acquired. It is a cause of male infertility and/or pelvic pain.
The end of the epididymis is connected to the vas deferens. The vas deferens ends with an opening into the ejaculatory duct at a point where the duct of the seminal vesicle also joins the ejaculatory duct. [1] The vas deferens is a partially coiled tube which exits the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.
Ejaculatory duct obstruction is an acquired or congenital pathological condition in which one or both ejaculatory ducts are obstructed. [9] In the case that both ejaculatory ducts are obstructed, this illness presents with the symptoms of aspermia and male infertility. [9] [10]
A narrowed ureter may lead to ureteric enlargement and cause swelling of the kidneys (hydronephrosis). [13] Associated symptoms may include recurrent infections, pain or blood in the urine; and when tested, kidney function might be seen to decrease. [13] These are considered situations when surgery is needed. [13]
Another underlying cause for this phenomenon may be ejaculatory duct obstruction. During a male orgasm, sperm are released from the epididymides and travel via small tubes called the vasa deferentia. The sperm mix with seminal fluid in the seminal vesicles, prostate fluid from the prostate gland, and lubricants from the bulbourethral gland.
Adult human testicle with epididymis: A. Head of epididymis, B. Body of epididymis, C. Tail of epididymis, and D. Vas deferens. Those aged 15 to 35 are most commonly affected. [2] The acute form usually develops over several days, with pain and swelling frequently in only one testis, which will hang low in the scrotum. [3]
Vas deferens are less commonly palpated during routine a physical examination, hence the absence may go unnoticed. Also, injury to Vas deferens common in surgery. [1] Vas deferens may be absent on one or both sides, and in whole or in part. When only a part of Vas deferens is absent, it may fail to establish communication with the epididymis. [2]
Reproductive tract infection (RTI) are infections that affect the reproductive tract, which is part of the reproductive system.For females, reproductive tract infections can affect the upper reproductive tract (fallopian tubes, ovary and uterus) and the lower reproductive tract (vagina, cervix and vulva); for males these infections affect the penis, testicles, urethra or the vas deferens.