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  2. Animal consciousness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_consciousness

    Animal consciousness, or animal awareness, is the quality or state of self-awareness within an animal, or of being aware of an external object or something within itself. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In humans, consciousness has been defined as: sentience , awareness , subjectivity , qualia , the ability to experience or to feel , wakefulness , having a sense ...

  3. Elephant cognition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant_cognition

    Elephants have joined a small group of animals, including great apes, bottlenose dolphins and Eurasian magpies, that exhibit self-awareness. The study was conducted with the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) using elephants at the Bronx Zoo in New York.

  4. Pig intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_intelligence

    The mirror test is one way to observe self-aware behaviors in animals. When pigs are presented a mirror, they do repetitive movements, a behavior called contingency checking. Moreover, they're able to locate food using the mirror.

  5. New study claims dogs have self-awareness - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/2015-12-10-new-study-claims...

    Researchers have discovered the existence of self-awareness in man?s best friend based on a smell test.

  6. Intrinsic value in animal ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic_value_in_animal...

    Intrinsic value is considered self-ascribed, all animals have it, unlike instrumental or extrinsic values. Instrumental value is the value that others confer on an animal (or on any other entity) because of its value as a resource (e.g. as property, labour, food, fibre, " ecosystem services ") or as a source of emotional, recreational ...

  7. Working animal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_animal

    People have found uses for a wide variety of abilities in animals, and even industrialized societies use many animals for work. People use the strength of horses, elephants, and oxen to pull carts and move loads. Police forces use dogs for finding illegal substances and assisting in apprehending wanted persons, others use dogs to find game or ...

  8. Trans-species psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-species_psychology

    Trans-species psychology is the field of psychology that states that humans and nonhuman animals share commonalities in cognition (thinking) and emotions (feelings). It was established by Gay A. Bradshaw, American ecologist and psychologist.

  9. Animal cognition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_cognition

    The best known research technique in this area is the mirror test devised by Gordon G. Gallup, in which an animal's skin is marked in some way while it is asleep or sedated, and it is then allowed to see its reflection in a mirror; if the animal spontaneously directs grooming behavior towards the mark, that is taken as an indication that it is ...