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Metanephric adenoma (MA) is a rare, benign tumour of the kidney, that can have a microscopic appearance similar to a nephroblastoma (Wilms tumours), [1] or a papillary renal cell carcinoma. It should not be confused with the pathologically unrelated, yet similar sounding, mesonephric adenoma .
[17] [6] [18] Differences in kidney structure are the result of adaptations during evolution to variations in body mass and habitats (in particular, aridity) between species. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 12 ] The cortex and medulla of the kidney contain nephrons , [ 21 ] each of which consists of a glomerulus and a complex tubular system. [ 22 ]
The mesonephric duct, also known as the Wolffian duct, archinephric duct, Leydig's duct or nephric duct, is a paired organ that develops in the early stages of embryonic development in humans and other mammals. It is an important structure that plays a critical role in the formation of male reproductive organs.
Central duct excision is the surgical removal (excision) of all lactiferous duct under the nipple. The excision of a single duct is called microdochectomy , a mere incision of a mammary duct (without excision) is microdochotomy .
Each metanephric kidney is characterized by a large number of nephrons and a highly branched system of collecting tubules and ducts, [28] that open into the ureter. [48] Such branching in the metanephros is unique in relation to the pronephros and mesonephros. [ 44 ]
Gross appearance of a renal oncocytoma (left of image) and a slice of a normal kidney (right of image). Note the rounded contour, the mahogany colour and the central scar. In gross appearance, the tumors are tan or mahogany brown, well circumscribed and contain a central scar.
Metanephric dysplastic hematoma of the sacral region (MDHSR) has been described by Cozzutto and Lazzaroni-Fossati in 1980, [1] by Posalaki et al. in 1981 [2] and by Cozzutto et al. in 1982. [3] Three additional cases were seen by Finegold.
During early development (approximately day 22 in humans), the pronephric duct forms from the intermediate mesoderm, ventral to the anterior somites. The cells of the pronephric duct migrate caudally whilst inducing adjacent mesenchyme to form the tubules of the initial kidney-like structure called the pronephros. [6]