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Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. [10] An epileptic seizure is the clinical manifestation of an abnormal, excessive, and synchronized electrical discharge in the neurons. [1] The occurrence of two or more unprovoked seizures defines epilepsy. [11]
Strokes, brain bleeds, and traumatic brain injury can all also lead to epilepsy if seizures re-occur. If the first seizure occurs more than 7 days following a stroke, there is a higher chance of the person developing epilepsy. [27] Post-stroke epilepsy accounts for 30%-50% of new epilepsy cases. [27]
Stress can induce seizures in people with epilepsy, and is a risk factor for developing epilepsy. Severity, duration, and time at which stress occurs during development all contribute to frequency and susceptibility to developing epilepsy. It is one of the most frequently self-reported triggers in patients with epilepsy. [48] [49]
In the field of neurology, seizure types are categories of seizures defined by seizure behavior, symptoms, and diagnostic tests.The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2017 classification of seizures is the internationally recognized standard for identifying seizure types. [1]
Epilepsy syndromes are most commonly found in children with epilepsy onset before 3 years of age and are less common in adult-onset epilepsy. [2] This article reflects the 2017 ILAE Classification of the Epilepsies, and its more detailed follow-up papers, produced for the International League Against Epilepsy by a number of specialist ...
Tonic–clonic seizures are the seizure type most commonly associated with epilepsy and seizures in general and the most common seizure associated with metabolic imbalances. [2] It is a misconception that they are the sole type of seizure, as they are the main seizure type in approximately 10% of those with epilepsy. [2]