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A Christian and a Muslim playing chess, illustration from the Book of Games of Alfonso X (c. 1285). [1] During the High Middle Ages, the Islamic world was an important contributor to the global cultural scene, innovating and supplying information and ideas to Europe, via Al-Andalus, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant.
It was accepted and approved for both Muslims and Christians. Most slaves came from warfare, privateering, or the international slave trade. Only some of the Arabian slaves in Europe were Muslims by origin. [20] Many of the Muslim slaves were baptized before they were sold for the first time and then were given a new Christian name.
The Muslim population in Europe is extremely diverse with varied histories and origins. [4] [5] [6] Today, the Muslim-majority regions of Europe include several countries in the Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and the European part of Turkey), some Russian republics in the North Caucasus and the Idel-Ural region, and the European part of Kazakhstan.
Islam's significance in Germany has largely increased [3] after the labour migration in the 1960s and several waves of political refugees since the 1970s.. According to a representative survey, it is estimated that in 2019, there were 5.3–5.6 million Muslims with a migrant background [a] in Germany (6.4–6.7% of the population), in addition to an unknown number of Muslims without a migrant ...
The Muslim Discovery of Europe is a non-fiction book by Bernard Lewis, published by W.W. Norton & Co. in 1982. The scope of the work goes from Early Muslim conquests in the continent up to the latter part of the 1700s..
Muslims first came to Germany as part of the diplomatic, military, and economic relations between Germany and the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century. [90] Between 2010 and 2016, the number of Muslims living in Germany increased from 3.3 million (4.1% of the population) to nearly 5 million (6.1%).
Delegates from Germany's anti-immigration party on Sunday backed an election manifesto that says Islam is not compatible with the country's constitution.
Caldwell asserts that Muslim immigrants are patiently conquering Europe's cities, "street by street." [2] He considers "the most chilling observation" to be that "the debate over Muslim immigration in Europe is one that the continent can't openly have, because anyone remotely critical of Islam is branded as Islamophobic. Europe's citizens ...