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In practice, Ba'athist Syria remained a one-party state where independent parties were outlawed, with a powerful secret police that cracked down on dissidents. [3] [4] From the 1963 seizure of power by its neo-Ba'athist Military Committee to the fall of the Assad regime, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party governed Syria as a totalitarian police state.
International sanctions against Syria are a series of economic sanctions and restrictions imposed on Syria which was under the Ba'athist regime at that time by the European Union, the United States, Canada, Australia, and Switzerland, mainly as a result of the repression of civilians in the Syrian civil war from 2011 onwards.
The East Aleppo offensive is an operation launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in December 2024 against the Turkey-backed Syrian National Army (SNA) to regain control of territory that was lost during the Manbij offensive and to advance from Dayr Hafir into the Tishrin Dam area.
Central Intelligence Agency activities in Syria since the agency's inception in 1947 have included coup attempts and assassination plots, and in more recent years, extraordinary renditions, a paramilitary strike, and funding and military training of forces opposed to the current government.
Syria had been on Reporters Without Borders' Enemy of the Internet list since 2006 when the list was established. [11] In 2009, the committee to Protect Journalists named Syria number three in a list of the ten worst countries in which to be a blogger, given the arrests, harassment, and restrictions which online writers in Syria faced. [12]
Syria was a prominent adversary of Ba'athist Iraq during the Cold War. Syria supported Iran in the Iran–Iraq War and joined the American-led coalition against Iraq during the Gulf War. [43] However by 1997, Syrian president Hafez al-Assad began reestablishing relations with Iraqi president Saddam Hussein. [44]
First radio service began in 1941 in Syria. [16] There are over 4 million radios in Syria. They tend to broadcast music, ads and stories relating to culture. [1] Syrian Arab Republic Radio; Alaan FM : Al Aan FM Launched in Syria in October 2012 broadcasting live from the UAE. Al Aan FM is available in the following cities and frequencies:
Operation Dawn of Freedom [d] refers to a military offensive launched by the Syrian National Army (SNA; a Turkish-backed coalition of forces) against the Syrian Arab Armed Forces (SAAF) and the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), targeting the northern Aleppo Governorate region between al-Bab and Tadef within the Operation Euphrates Shield zone.