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  2. Proteinuria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinuria

    Foamy urine is considered a cardinal sign of proteinuria, but only a third of people with foamy urine have proteinuria as the underlying cause. [2] It may also be caused by bilirubin in the urine ( bilirubinuria ), [ 3 ] retrograde ejaculation , pneumaturia (air bubbles in the urine) due to a fistula , [ 4 ] or drugs such as pyridium .

  3. Urine protein/creatinine ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine_protein/creatinine_ratio

    Urine protein/creatinine ratio is a widely used initial method to estimate daily protein excretion in urine. [1] [2] [3] Since the diagnosis and management of proteinuric renal diseases and the staging of chronic kidney disease depend on accurate identification and quantitation of proteinuria, [4] [1] the implementation of the 24-hour urine collection is the most accurate procedure in practice ...

  4. Reference ranges for urine tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ranges_for_urine...

    0.2 [2] 1.0 [2] Ehrlich units or mg/dL Free catecholamines, dopamine: 90 [3] 420 [3] μg/d Red blood cells (RBCs) 0 [4] [2] 2 [2] - 3 [4] per High Power Field (HPF) RBC casts: n/a 0 / negative [2] White blood cells (WBCs) 0 [2] 2 [2] pH: 5 [2] 7 [2] (unitless) Protein: 0: trace amounts [2] Glucose: n/a: 0 / negative [2] Ketones: n/a: 0 ...

  5. Urinalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinalysis

    Elevated levels of protein in the urine are often suggestive of kidney disease, but may have other causes. Proteinuria can occur transiently as a consequence of exercise, fever, stress, or UTI. Proteinuria that occurs only while standing, called orthostatic proteinuria, is relatively common in young men and not associated with disease.

  6. Nephrotic syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndrome

    Proteinuria of greater than 3.5 g /24 h /1.73 m 2 (between 3 and 3.5 g/24 h /1.73 m 2 is considered to be proteinuria in the nephrotic range) or greater than 40 mg/h/m 2 in children. [9] [10] The ratio between urinary concentrations of albumin and creatinine can be used in the absence of a 24-hour urine test for total protein. This coefficient ...

  7. Orthostatic albuminuria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthostatic_albuminuria

    In orthostatic albuminuria urine protein excretion returns to normal while in a supine position, such as laying down. Orthostatic albuminuria is the most common cause of isolated proteinuria in those under 20. [5] The prevalence of orthostatic albuminuria is suspected to be between 2 and 5%, [6] however some studies suggest that it is more ...