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In the synergistic response, the applied antibiotics work together to produce an effect more potent than if each antibiotic were applied singly. [1] Compare to the additive effect , where the potency of an antibiotic combination is roughly equal to the combined potencies of each antibiotic singly, and antagonistic effect, where the potency of ...
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency [1] is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. [2]
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration are used to measure in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents. They are good indicators of antimicrobial potency, but don't give any information relating to time-dependent antimicrobial killing (the so-called post antibiotic effect).
The area under the effect curve (AUEC) is an integral of the effect of a drug over time, estimated as a previously-established function of concentration. It was proposed to be used instead of AUC in animal-to-human dose translation, as computer simulation shows that it could cope better with half-life and dosing schedule variations than AUC.
More simply, EC 50 can be defined as the concentration required to obtain a 50% [...] effect [2] and may be also written as [A] 50. [3] It is commonly used as a measure of a drug's potency , although the use of EC 50 is preferred over that of 'potency', which has been criticised for its vagueness. [ 3 ]
Amoxicillin is in the β-lactam family of antibiotics. [9] Amoxicillin was discovered in 1958 and came into medical use in 1972. [12] [13] Amoxil was approved for medical use in the United States in 1974, [4] [5] and in the United Kingdom in 1977. [2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [14]
In pharmacology, an effective dose (ED) or effective concentration (EC) is the dose or concentration of a drug that produces a biological response. [1] [2] The term "effective dose" is used when measurements are taken in vivo, while "effective concentration" is used when the measurements are taken in vitro. [3]
Over time, methods for testing the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics have developed and changed. [25] Alexander Fleming in the 1920s developed the first method of susceptibility testing. The "gutter method" that he developed was a diffusion method, involving an antibiotic that was diffused through a gutter made of agar. [25]