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Soravia (1994) noted a total of 1,436 Arabic loanwords in Agostini a.o. 1985, [60] a prominent 40,000-entry Somali dictionary. [61] Most of the terms consisted of commonly used nouns. These lexical borrowings may have been more extensive in the past since a few words that Zaborski (1967:122) observed in the older literature were absent in ...
Somali is an agglutinative language, using many affixes and particles to determine and alter the meaning of words. As in other related Afroasiatic languages , Somali nouns are inflected for gender , number and case , while verbs are inflected for persons, number, tenses, and moods.
Af-Somali's main lexical borrowings come from Arabic. Soravia (1994) noted a total of 1,436 Arabic loanwords in Agostini a.o. 1985, a prominent Somali dictionary. Most of the vocabulary terms consisted of commonly used nouns and a few words that Zaborski (1967:122) observed in the older literature were absent in Agostini's later work. [17]
Maay is not mutually comprehensible with Northern Somali or Benadir, and it differs considerably in sentence structure and phonology. [5] It is also not generally used in education or media. However, Maay speakers often use Standard Somali as a lingua franca. [4] It is learned via mass communications, internal migration, and urbanisation. [5]
In Somali, the tone-bearing unit is the mora rather than the vowel of the syllable. A long vowel or a diphthong consists of two morae and can bear two tones. Each mora is defined as being of high or low tone. Only one high tone occurs per word and this must be on the final or penultimate mora. Particles do not have a high tone.
Chief among these is the lack of pharyngeal sounds in the Rahanweyn/Digil and Mirifle languages, features which by contrast typify Somali but are not Somali. Although in the past frequently classified as dialects of Somali, more recent research by the linguist Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi has shown that these varieties, including Maay, constitute ...
Less common are pharyngeal consonants /ħ ʕ/, which appear e.g. in Somali or the Saho–Afar languages. [ 17 ] [ 19 ] Most Cushitic languages have a system of restrictive tone also known as ‘pitch accent’ in which tonal contours overlaid on the stressed syllable play a prominent role in morphology and syntax.
Jiiddu (also known as Jiddu or Af-Jiiddu) is a Somali language spoken by the Jiiddu sub-clan of the Dir, a Somali clan inhabiting southern Somalia.It currently has an estimated 34,000 speakers, concentrated in the Lower Shabeelle, Bay and Middle Juba regions.