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Constantinople [a] (see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman empires between its consecration in 330 until 1930, when it was renamed to Istanbul.
Here, in multi-storey profitable houses, sometimes reaching and nine floors, lived craftsmen, small shopkeepers, sailors, fishermen, loaders and other working people (if in Rome in the V century there were almost 1.8 thousand individual houses in Constantinople — almost 4.4 thousand, which indicates a large middle class). [40] [41]
The sack of Constantinople occurred in April 1204 and marked the culmination of the Fourth Crusade. Crusaders sacked and destroyed most of Constantinople , the capital of the Byzantine Empire . After the capture of the city, the Latin Empire (known to the Byzantines as the Frankokratia , or the Latin occupation [ 4 ] ) was established and ...
[4] Pendentive dome : Generally speaking, a pendentive is a construction solution which allows a circular dome to be built atop a rectangular floor plan. While preliminary forms already evolved in Roman dome construction , [ 5 ] the first fully developed pendentive dome dates to the reconstruction of the Hagia Sophia in 563. [ 6 ]
He founded the city of Constantinople and made it the capital of the Empire, which it remained for over a millennium. Born in Naissus, in Dardania within Moesia Superior (now Niš, Serbia), Constantine was the son of Flavius Constantius, a Roman army officer of Illyrian origin who would become one of the four emperors of the Tetrarchy.
Constantinople became once more, as in the seventh and eighth centuries, a ruralized network of scattered nuclei; in the final decades before the fall, the population numbered 70,000 people. [50] Gradually, the state also lost its influence on the modalities of trade and the price mechanisms, and its control over the outflow of precious metals ...
[3] [4] [5] Though the II nd regio encompassed buildings on three of the Augustaion's four sides, the square itself was counted in the IV th regio. East of the Augustaion and downhill from Hagia Sophia and Hagia Irene was the classical theatre (Latin: Theatrum Minus, lit. 'lesser theatre'). [3]
The struggle for Constantinople [1] [2] [3] was a complex series of conflicts following the dissolution of the Byzantine Empire in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, fought between the Latin Empire established by the Crusaders, various Byzantine successor states, and foreign powers such as the Second Bulgarian Empire and Sultanate of Rum, for control of Constantinople and supremacy ...