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This is an index to notable programming languages, in current or historical use. Dialects of BASIC, esoteric programming languages, and markup languages are not included. A programming language does not need to be imperative or Turing-complete, but must be executable and so does not include markup languages such as HTML or XML, but does include domain-specific languages such as SQL and its ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 February 2025. Language for communicating instructions to a machine The source code for a computer program in C. The gray lines are comments that explain the program to humans. When compiled and run, it will give the output "Hello, world!". A programming language is a system of notation for writing ...
Haskell is a purely functional programming language. Lazy evaluation and the list and LogicT monads make it easy to express non-deterministic algorithms, which is often the case. Infinite data structures are useful for search trees. The language's features enable a compositional way to express algorithms.
The book is accompanied by supporting software that runs in the Racket programming language. Since PLAI is constantly under development, some of the newer material (especially assignments) is found on course pages at Brown University. PLAI is also an experiment in publishing methods.
Like natural languages, programming languages follow rules for syntax and semantics. There are thousands of programming languages [ 1 ] and new ones are created every year. Few languages ever become sufficiently popular that they are used by more than a few people, but professional programmers may use dozens of languages in a career.
Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language.Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. [33]Python is dynamically type-checked and garbage-collected.
Programming Languages provides a history and description of 120 programming languages, with an extensive bibliography of reference works about each language and sample programs for many of them. [5] The book outlines both the technical definition and usage of each language, as well as the historical, political, and economic context of each ...
The phrase grammar of most programming languages can be specified using a Type-2 grammar, i.e., they are context-free grammars, [8] though the overall syntax is context-sensitive (due to variable declarations and nested scopes), hence Type-1. However, there are exceptions, and for some languages the phrase grammar is Type-0 (Turing-complete).