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Phospholipid arrangement in cell membranes. Phosphatidylcholine is the major component of lecithin.It is also a source for choline in the synthesis of acetylcholine in cholinergic neurons.
A ball and stick model of a phosphate anion. In biochemistry, a phosphatase is an enzyme that uses water to cleave a phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and an alcohol. Because a phosphatase enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of its substrate, it is a subcategory of hydrolases. [1]
In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. [1] This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology. [2] Protein phosphorylation often activates (or deactivates) many enzymes. [3] [4]
The phosphate ion has a molar mass of 94.97 g/mol, and consists of a central phosphorus atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. It is the conjugate base of the hydrogen phosphate ion H(PO 4) 2−, which in turn is the conjugate base of the dihydrogen phosphate ion H 2 (PO 4) −
Regulation of inorganic phosphate within the cellular system. The Phosphate (Pho) regulon is a regulatory mechanism used for the conservation and management of inorganic phosphate within the cell. It was first discovered in Escherichia coli as an operating system for the bacterial strain, and was later identified in other species. [1]
In biochemistry, dephosphorylation is the removal of a phosphate (PO 3− 4) group from an organic compound by hydrolysis. It is a reversible post-translational modification . Dephosphorylation and its counterpart, phosphorylation , activate and deactivate enzymes by detaching or attaching phosphoric esters and anhydrides .
Regulation of HIV-1 transcription by Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1). It has been recognized that protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) serves as an important regulator of HIV-1 transcription. Researchers at Howard University showed that Tat protein targets PP1 to the nucleus and the consequent interaction is important for HIV-1 transcription. [16]
Protein phosphorylation is a reversible post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or otherwise modifying its ...