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[3] [4] [5] Amphipols can be used to fold denatured membrane proteins to their native form [6] [7] and have proven particularly precious in the field of single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM; see e.g. [8] [9]).The properties and uses of amphipols and other non-conventional surfactants are the subject of a book by Jean-Luc Popot. [10]
Increasing the amphiphile concentration beyond the point where lamellar phases are formed would lead to the formation of the inverse topology lyotropic phases, namely the inverse cubic phases, the inverse hexagonal columnar phase (columns of water encapsulated by amphiphiles, (H II) and the inverse micellar cubic phase (a bulk liquid crystal ...
In chemistry, an amphiphile (from Greek αμφις (amphis) 'both' and φιλíα 'love, friendship'), or amphipath, is a chemical compound possessing both hydrophilic (water-loving, polar) and lipophilic (fat-loving, nonpolar) properties. [1] Such a compound is called amphiphilic or amphipathic.
Nanoparticle monolayers can be used to create functional surfaces that have for instance anti-reflective or superhydrophobic properties. [2] [3] Monolayers are frequently encountered in biology. A micelle is a monolayer, and the phospholipid lipid bilayer structure of biological membranes is technically two monolayers. Langmuir monolayers are ...
For crystalline or semicrystalline polymers, anisotropy plays a large role in the mechanical properties of the polymer. [7] The crystallinity of the polymer can be measured through differential scanning calorimetry. [8] For amorphous and semicrystalline polymers, as stress is applied, the polymer chains are able to disentangle and align.
Peptide amphiphiles were developed in the 1990s. They were first described by the group of Matthew Tirrell in 1995. [5] [6] These first reported PA molecules were composed of two domains: one of lipophilic character and another of hydrophilic properties, which allowed self-assembly into sphere-like supramolecular structures as a result of the association of the lipophilic domains away from the ...
Because of their amphiphilic structures, the polymers have surfactant properties that make them useful in industrial applications. Among other things, they can be used to increase the water solubility of hydrophobic, oily substances or otherwise increase the miscibility of two substances with different hydrophobicities.
Ethanol is an amphiphilic molecule meaning that it has chemical and physical properties associated with hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Although, studies show that when penetrating through the biomembrane its hydrophobic abilities appear to be limited based on its preference to bind closely to the hydrophilic region of the ...